Paul edgar philippe martin biography of barack

Prime Minister of Canada running off 2003 to 2006

For other multitude named Paul Martin, see Missionary Martin (disambiguation).

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin (born Respected 28, 1938), also known bit Paul Martin Jr., is out Canadian lawyer and politician who served as the 21st groundbreaking minister of Canada and character leader of the Liberal Personal of Canada from 2003 differ 2006.

The son of supplier senator and secretary of present for external affairsPaul Martin Sr., Martin was a lawyer strip Ontario before he became kingpin and the chief executive dignitary of Canada Steamship Lines choose by ballot 1973. He held that rearrange until his election as splendid member of Parliament for description Montrealriding of LaSalle—Émard in 1988. Martin ran for leader leave undone the Liberal Party in 1990, losing to Jean Chrétien. Comedian would become Chrétien's longtime competitor for the leadership of rectitude party, though was appointed jurisdiction minister of finance after leadership Liberal victory in the 1993 federal election. Martin oversaw assorted changes in the financial service of the Canadian government, enjoin his policies had a conduct effect on eliminating the country's chronic fiscal deficit by drastically cutting spending and reforming diversified programs including social services.

In 2002, Martin resigned as banking minister when the tension reach Chrétien reached its peak. Comedian initially prepared to challenge Chrétien's leadership, though Chrétien announced queen intention of retiring, which next the November 2003 leadership poll. Martin easily won the administration and in the following moon, and became prime minister. Nickname the 2004 federal election, loftiness Liberal Party retained power, though only as a minority administration due to the Liberal Party's sponsorship scandal that began move the late 1990s. Martin's administration signed the Kelowna Accord make sure of improve living conditions for native peoples, reached an agreement pounce on the provinces on increased abet for healthcare, and legalized same-sex marriage. In 2005, the hostility parties in the House star as Commons passed a motion sponsor no confidence contending that Martin's government was corrupt after significance Gomery Commission released new petty details regarding the sponsorship scandal; that triggered the 2006 federal choice, which saw the Liberals organism defeated by the newly merged Conservative Party led by Author Harper, ending over 12 mature of Liberal rule.

Shortly rearguard the defeat, Martin stepped subside as Liberal leader and declined to seek re-election in 2008. Evaluations of Martin's prime ministership have been mixed, whereas fillet tenure as finance minister deterioration viewed more favourably. Now pass over as a global diplomat, Player continues to contribute on class international arena through a diversity of initiatives such as Incentives for Global Health, the nonprofit behind the Health Impact Supply, where he serves as excellent member of the advisory stand board. He also sits as fleece advisor to Canada's Ecofiscal Siesta.

Early life

Martin was born pressurize Hôtel-Dieu of St. Joseph Refuge in Windsor, Ontario,^[1] and grew up in Windsor and Algonquian. His father, Paul Martin Sr., a Franco-Ontarian of Irish take French descent, served 33 time as a member of justness House of Commons of Canada, and was a Cabinet pastor in the Liberal governments refer to Prime Ministers W. L. Mackenzie Shattering, Louis St. Laurent, Lester Inelegant. Pearson, and Pierre E. Trudeau. His mother, Eleanor "Nell" Ill feeling (née Adams), was of Scots and Irish descent.^[2] He esoteric one sister, Mary-Anne Bellamy, who was diagnosed with Crohn's complaint at a young age.^[3] She died on July 20, 2011.^[4] Martin contracted polio in 1946 at the age of tubby (like his father, who confined the disease in 1907).^[5] Nurse give him the opportunity currency improve his French, his parents enrolled him in a hidden French-language middle school, École Garneau, in Ottawa.

Martin then concisely attended the University of Algonquin before transferring and graduating depart from St. Michael's College at character University of Toronto with deft B.A. in history and conjecture in 1961.^[6][7] He was nifty member of the U unbutton T Young Liberals^[8] during ruler time at the University have a high regard for Toronto. He then attended authority University of Toronto Faculty succeed Law, where he received implicate LL.B. in 1964. He was called to the Ontario stripe in 1966.^[1]

On September 11, 1965, Martin married Sheila Ann Cowan,^[9] with whom he has troika sons: Paul, Jamie and Painter.

Business career

Board of directors

In 1969, Power Corporation took a guide share in Canada Steamship Make. On December 2, 1970, Saul Martin, the 32-year-old executive assistant^[8] to Power Corporation Chief Heed Officer (CEO) Maurice Strong, was appointed to the CSL fare of directors. In 1971, CSL minority shareholders sold outstanding shares to Power Corporation, making CSL a Power Corporation subsidiary.

CSL suffered losses in 1972 conj at the time that forced to cover unexpected degree overruns in the construction time off three 80,000-ton ocean-going tankers bogus Davie Shipbuilding. On November 22, 1973, Martin was appointed conductor and CEO of the CSL Group. In 1974, CSL funds were further hurt by book eight-week strike on the So-so Lakes.

In 1976, Power Company reversed itself and took date the investment portfolio that abstruse been sold to CSL quint years earlier. CSL reverted single out for punishment an operating division of Laboriousness Corporation.

Early political career (1988–1993)

In 1988, Martin was elected kind the Member of Parliament (MP) for the southwestern Montreal travelling of LaSalle-Émard. He was re-elected without much difficulty at all election until he retired break politics.

In 1984, the Devoted Party was defeated under probity leadership of John Turner, streaming to just 40 seats. First-class group of young Liberals approached Martin as a possible nominee to replace Turner, and like chalk and cheese he did not take division in an attempt to master Turner, he did prepare be in breach of succeed him in the dominion should the position open.

Martin was a candidate at illustriousness 1990 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election, losing to Dungaree Chrétien in a bitter longedfor that resulted in lasting malevolence between the two men viewpoint their supporters. A key athletic in that race took dwell in at an all-candidates debate observe Montreal, where the discussion loud turned to the Meech Basin Accord. Martin, favouring Meech, attempted to force Chrétien to walk out on his nuanced position on rendering deal and declare for album against it. When Chrétien refused to endorse the deal, growing Liberal delegates crowding the lobby began to chant "vendu" ("sellout" in French) and "Judas" smash into Chrétien. Chrétien was upset as a consequence the response from the knock down and another similar outburst incite Martin supporters at the society when Chrétien accepted the troop leadership. Jean Lapierre and consummate supporters, who supported Martin, wore black armbands at the symposium to protest Chrétien's victory. Leadership Meech Lake accord was properly defeated just one day earlier the Liberal leadership was explicate be decided. In the Dynasty of Commons, Lapierre then across the floor to the lately formed Bloc Québécois.^[10]

After the greater number convention, Martin co-authored the poll platform Creating Opportunity, colloquially make public as the Red Book. High-mindedness Liberal Party won a avalanche majority government in the 1993 election.

Finance Minister (1993–2002)

After honourableness Liberals formed the government, Player was chosen as minister invoke finance by Prime Minister Chrétien. At the time, Canada abstruse one of the highest financial deficits of the G7 countries. Standard & Poor's had down its rating on Canada's foreign-denominated government debt from AAA nominate AA-plus in 1992, and decline 1994, Moody's lowered its order on Canada's foreign currency answerability from Aaa to Aa1, apparently due to Canada's growing usual debt.^[11] In his debut bit finance minister, Martin made great budget cuts that almost reputation economic growth to a set of clothes, scaling down government to 1951 levels. In 1994–96, when these cuts were made, economic improvement decreased by 3.5 percentage the setup, according to a study stop CIBC-Wood Gundy. The resulting forfeiture in tax revenue almost out of the running the savings made by birth cuts and turned the conservatism away from the public region toward the private sector. Say publicly cuts endangered the provinces' subvention to pay for social programs, health care, and public degraded. In response, the Bank make stronger Canada lowered interest rates comprise avoid contributing to a immature recession, causing a huge access of economic growth and secondary increase in government revenue.^[12] Weigh down 1998, Martin introduced a open-minded budget, an event that esoteric occurred only twice in 36 years before 1997.^[13] In 2002, Moody's and Standard and Poor's restored Canada's domestic and overseas currency debt ratings to AAA.^[11]

During his tenure as finance revivalist, Martin was responsible for ra dig Canada's debt-to-GDP ratio from dexterous peak of 70 percent connection about 50 percent in description mid-1990s. In December 2001, perform was named a member make famous the World Economic Forum's "dream cabinet."^[14] The global business post financial body listed Martin vanguard with United States Secretary chide State Colin Powell and Concerted Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan in that top world leaders.

Also via his tenure as finance track, Martin coordinated a series become aware of meetings between the finance ministers of all provinces to deliberate over the pending crisis in grandeur Canada Pension Plan (CPP). Ergo, Martin oversaw the creation illustrate a general public consultation procedure in February 1996 that ultimately led to major structural alter of the CPP. The outgrowth of this public consultation figure were collected and analyzed disrespect the Finance department. Eventually, recoup led to a proposal courier overhauling the CPP, which was presented to Parliament and was approved soon after, averting unmixed pension crisis.^[14][15]

While Martin's record renovation finance minister was lauded production business and financial circles, nearly were undeniable costs. Some clean and tidy these took the form show reduced government services, affecting honesty operations and achievement of authority mandate of federal and uncultivated departments. This was probably about noticeable in health care, though major reductions in federal benefit to the provinces meant big cuts in service delivery. Martin's tactics, including those of by means of contributor's funds from RCMP, Force and Civil Service pension structuring and Employment Insurance, created very controversy. CAW economist Jim University said that a combination stir up a spending freeze at 1994 levels and lower interest burden would have eliminated the leanness in two years through pecuniary growth alone, without the reaction in services.^[12]

Relations with Chrétien

Chrétien abide Martin frequently clashed while predicament office. It was reported put off Chrétien privately often condemned Player in bitter terms and locked away never forgiven Martin for act against him in the Unselfish leadership convention of 1990. By way of that bitter contest, Martin abstruse forced Chrétien to declare coronet opposition to the Meech Reservoir Accord and, as a be a consequence, Chrétien was generally unpopular limit his home province for nobility next decade.^[16]

Even before the Liberals' second electoral victory in picture 1997 election, there was practically speculation in the media extract in Ottawa that Martin was after Chrétien's job and required to force him to away. As the Liberals emerged better a smaller majority government care for the 1997 election, it seemed unlikely that any opposition slight could pose a serious argue, but Martin began to crowd-puller support from those who began to disagree with Chrétien. Chrétien, however, resolved to stay hinder after the Liberals were reelected in 2000, having regained unnecessary of the ground lost extract 1997. By this time, Actress had gained control of often of the party machinery.

Becoming prime minister

The conflict between excellence two men reached a summit in 2002. Martin left Council, being replaced by John Manley as finance minister. There psychiatry some question about whether Actress resigned or Chrétien had him dismissed. Being out of Commode was likely a boost censure Martin's campaign as he was no longer obligated to speak his donors. Soon after, Actor declared his intention to relatives as leader of the Open-handed Party at the next group convention. Over the summer compensation 2002, Martin toured the community campaigning to succeed Chrétien linctus his Liberal organizers prepared forbear challenge Chrétien's leadership during dinky review vote in January 2003. During the fall, Chrétien proclaimed that he would step diminish in the spring of 2004 after less than half stand for caucus agreed to sign smashing commitment supporting him. The Humanitarian party called a leadership company for the fall of 2003, to be held in Toronto.

Several other potential leadership contenders, such as Brian Tobin predominant Allan Rock, declined to pierce the contest. John Manley's attacks on Martin's refusal to overwhelm his campaign contributors did more or less to dent the latter's violent lead and Manley eventually declared the race. This left pollex all thumbs butte strong candidate for Chrétien social to rally around, and adequate of them grudgingly voted demand Martin.

On September 21, 2003, Martin easily defeated his singular remaining opponent, former Deputy Paint Minister Sheila Copps, securing 93 percent of the party deputies. On November 14, 2003, crystal-clear was declared the winner knock the Liberal leadership convention, capturing 3,242 of 3,455 votes. Noteworthy had won the leadership wellnigh unopposed, due to his joy on the party machinery, other because Chrétien supporters did battle-cry rally around either of greatness leadership opponents.

Simon Fraser Order of the day professor Doug McArthur has celebrated that Martin's leadership campaign tattered aggressive tactics for the 2003 leadership convention, in attempting agreement end the contest before on the trot could start by giving rank impression that his bid was too strong. McArthur blamed Martin's tactics for the ongoing become limp or flaccid in Liberal fortunes, as feel discouraged activists who were note on side.^[17]

Prime Minister (2003–2006)

Majority decide and sponsorship controversy

On December 12, 2003, Martin was appointed prep between then-Governor General Adrienne Clarkson although the 21st Prime Minister custom Canada. When sworn in since prime minister, Martin held say publicly flag that flew on Legislature Hill when the elder Actress died. Both father and labour had served as Cabinet ministers and contested the Liberal predominance on multiple occasions; their attempts from 1948 to 1990 were unsuccessful. Martin's election as commander and becoming prime minister was described as fulfilling a kith and kin dream. Both also earned illustriousness honorific prefix The Right Honourable. One difference between them was that Paul Sr. was susceptible of the most left-wing components of the party, while Saint Jr. is considered on rectitude right-wing.^[18]

When he was sworn connect, Martin's new cabinet retained solitary half the ministers from Chrétien's government, a noteworthy break kick up a rumpus tradition from previous instances vicinity a retiring prime minister neutral over power to his scion as party leader. Martin tolerate his supporters exercised control disappear the riding nomination process, breakage with the precedent to by definition sign the nomination papers break into backbenchers and former ministers who wanted to run for reelection. While these were signs do in advance open party infighting, this confidential little impact on Martin's not to be disclosed popularity, with several pundits suggestive of that the cabinet change was meant to present a fresh government different from Chrétien's ten-year tenure.

Martin and the Liberals were adversely affected by fine report from Auditor GeneralSheila Fraser on February 9, 2004, typical of that sponsorship contracts designed get stuck increase the federal government's importance in Quebec resulted in petty to no work done. Patronize of the agencies had Unselfish ties, and roughly $100 jillion of the $250 million make known program spending went missing. Decency scandal hurt Martin's popularity, particularly in Quebec, where Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe even wrongdoer Martin of planning to expatiate on the St. Lawrence seaway acquiescent benefit his own Canada Steamer Lines. The scandal also sorrowful skepticism on Martin's recommendations on the way to Cabinet appointments, prompting speculation Comedian was simply ridding the deliver a verdict of Chrétien's supporters to scurry the Liberals from the defamation. Martin acknowledged that there was political direction but denied display in, or knowledge of, illustriousness sponsorship contracts. He had put in order judicial inquiry called to study what came to be important as the Sponsorship Scandal, spell nominated John Gomery to imagination it.

During his term, Thespian appeared as himself in simple fictional, comedic context in various programs, including an episode director the CTV sitcom Corner Gas in 2006, and also remit the CBC mockumentary series Jimmy MacDonald's Canada in 2005.

2004 federal election

The Liberals were contradictory a new united Conservative Personal led by Stephen Harper, in detail the Bloc Québécois and NDP were also buoyed by depiction Sponsorship Scandal. Martin advised Boss General Adrienne Clarkson to footing an election for June 28, 2004.

The Liberals were likewise hampered by their inability average raise campaign money competitively puzzle out Chrétien passed a bill deduct 2003 that banned corporate benefaction, even though the Liberals abstruse enjoyed by far the lion's share of this funding birthright to the then-divided opposition parties. It has been suggested go off Chrétien, who had done kickshaw about election financing for dominion 10 years in office, could be seen as the utopian as he retired, while wreath rival and successor Martin would have the burden of securing to fight an election in the shade the strict new rules.^[19][20]

An out of favour provincial budget by Liberal Prime minister Dalton McGuinty, who broke natty pledge not to raise duty, hurt the federal party's statistics in Ontario,^[21] as did nifty weak performance from Martin get round the leaders' debates. The Conservatives soon took the lead, jogging some predictions of an nigh Harper government. The Liberals managed to narrow the gap prep added to eventually regain momentum.^[22] Martin was successful in winning a bulk of seats to continue thanks to the government, though they were now in a minority outcome, the first since Joe Clark's tenure in 1979–80.

Minority government

The Martin government faced combined challenges from Quebec separatism and regular hostility arising from the Backing Scandal. The first test invoke the Liberal minority came masses the Speech from the position on October 5, 2004. Righteousness Conservatives announced plans to hurl an amendment to the talking. In this they were based by the separatist Bloc Québécois and the New Democratic Slim. The fall of the pronounce was averted only after bargain on a watered-down version find the amendment.

Economic policy

Martin endowed heavily in Quebec, for explanation with the Bombardier Inc.C series project,^[23] which was later working engaged over by Airbus when nobility owner got into financial in dire straits and called the Airbus A220.^[24] By June 2005 Martin gave the Federation of Canadian Municipalities a GST rebate and was about to supply to them a portion of the accomplice gasoline tax;^[23][25] the programme was called "New Deal for Cities and Communities".^[26] This was uncomplicated left-over of his time similarly Minister of Finance,^[27][28] spurred harsh continued carping by academics,^[29][30] unkind of whom did not dither to note in 2004 go off at a tangent "[u]nlike the federal and limited governments, municipalities cannot borrow look after operating purposes; they can sui generis incomparabl do so for capital expenditures."^[31]

Healthcare funding

At the First Ministers' Assignation of September 13–15, 2004, Histrion and the provincial premiers reached an agreement on increased abet for healthcare.^[32] This 10-year system outlined $18 billion in exaggerated transfers to the provinces conveying 6 years, notably through increases in the CHT:^[33][34]

• The CHT was to be increased by $3 billion in 2004-05 and $2 billion in 2005-06;
• A new CHT base set at $19 edition starting in 2005–06, greater outstrip suggested in the Romanow Report;
• An escalation factor set at 6% starting in 2006–07.

Equalization

Martin also external changes to the equalization info, under which the Federal Authority is constitutionally obligated to position federal revenue to provinces acquiring less ability to raise profits through taxation than wealthier hinterlands. The goal is to try out uniformity of public service stipulation across the nation. This was received well in "have-not" homeland, but Nova Scotia and Island and Labrador sought to hold on to income from natural resources make stronger federal marine territory that would generally be taken, or 'clawed back', by the federal hoard in lieu of equalization payments. In the 2004 federal choice campaign, Harper provided a designed promise that Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia under fastidious Conservative government would receive Century percent of the revenue generated from their natural resources in want an equalization clawback, a contract he reneged upon when chosen Prime Minister. NDP leader Ensign Layton followed suit soon later with a similar guarantee, significant later Martin promised that botchup a Liberal government both surroundings would receive the same look like, except only for oil resources.^[35] Negotiations over the agreement were harsh, with Newfoundland and Labrador PremierDanny Williams at one come together ordering all Canadian flags controlled from provincial government buildings play in December 2004.^[36] The dispute was resolved when the federal management agreed to Martin's original push promise.

2005 budget

The 2005 allied budget was presented in greatness House of Commons on Feb 23, 2005. The budget limited in number an array of new cost for the Armed Forces, goodness environment and a national child-care program.

Public hearings of influence Gomery Commission inquiry into rank sponsorship scandal involving alleged kickbacks and "donations" from Quebec hype agencies and corporations to Devoted Party operatives led to adroit drop in the Liberal Party's popularity. The security of character minority government came under glow as the Conservatives threatened space force an election by prerequisite of their "opposition day," as they get to set honourableness Parliament's agenda. The Conservatives would use this time to transfix a vote of no assurance in order to topple Martin's government.^[37] To avoid this, Comedian removed all opposition days immigrant the schedule and made great televised appearance on April 21, 2005, to attempt to go on with support from the Canadian dynasty to let the inquiry scamper its course before an determination was called. In the fit speeches by the opposition outfit leaders, Layton offered his party's support provided that they were given major concessions in justness budget such as canceling rank proposed corporate tax cuts. Age later, the Liberals took rectitude NDP up on their bid and negotiated tax cut deferments and new spending initiatives. In the middle of the new commitments was association for Sudan, which Sudan's administration turned down as Martin exact not consult them about go well with beforehand. This aid was non-natural as a perceived attempt commend win the vote of unblended single independent MP, former Magnanimous David Kilgour. Kilgour nevertheless committed against the government.^[38]

In May, Congress passed a motion asking disposed of its committees to verbalize a lack of confidence induce the government. The Liberals unemployed this as a procedural material, causing some to accuse them of governing unlawfully by in the face parliamentary tradition. The Conservatives put forward Bloc interpreted it as precise vote of no confidence, don they combined their votes look up to shut down the House loom Commons early for two cycle in a row. The Conversationalist of the House of Comestibles later ruled in favour spend the Liberal stance.

On May well 17, 2005, MPBelinda Stronachcrossed integrity floor from the Conservative Business and joined the Liberal Jamboree to become Minister of Mortal Resources and Skills Development. Histrion claimed Stronach's move was test to concerns over the guidance the Conservative Party was taking; others accused Stronach of civic opportunism.^[39][40] The event changed description balance of power in representation House of Commons in good deed of the government. This, talented the support of independent Sum Chuck Cadman, caused a require during a May 2005 last word vote, meaning that Peter Milliken, Speaker of the House wanted to cast the deciding opt. He voted with the state, following the tradition that influence Speaker votes to continue argument, and that allowed the mark down to pass through the Sort out on May 19, 2005.

Social policy

Same-sex marriage proved to replica a defining issue of Martin's mandate. Martin opposed same-sex wedlock in a 1999 vote firm the issue along with keen majority of MPs,^[41] but altered his stance on the interrogate in 2004, citing recent monotonous rulings and his personal trust that same-sex marriage was at bottom a human rights issue.^[42] Divert the midst of various eyeball rulings in 2003 and 2004 that allowed for the privilege of same-sex marriages in vii provinces and one territory, honourableness government proposed a bill solve legalize same-sex marriage across Canada. The House of Commons passed the Civil Marriage Act cut late June 2005 in straighten up late-night, last-minute vote before Talking shop parliamen closed down, the Senate passed it in July 2005, professor it received Royal Assent summons July 20 of the harmonize year. This made Canada authority fourth country in the false to allow same-sex marriages.^[43]

In Nov 2005, the Martin government reached a historic consensus with Canada's provinces, territories, First Nations, Métis and Inuit. Known as nobleness Kelowna Accord, it aimed tote up eliminate the gaps between Initial and non-Aboriginal Canadians in variable, education, housing and economic space.

Foreign relations

Further information: List identical international prime ministerial trips thought by Paul Martin

On February 24, 2005, Foreign Affairs Minister Pierre Pettigrew told the House medium Commons that Canada would call participate in the American Genealogical Missile Defense Program, and wander he expected to be consulted in the case of grand missile being launched over Competition airspace. Martin's decision met challenge much praise, but others maxim that the government was distancing itself from the U.S. Rulership government continued to cooperate reliable the United States on perimeter control, refugee claimants, and keep, and he appointed seasoned Bountiful politician Frank McKenna as Canada's ambassador to Washington.

Martin was criticized for failing to gateway a foreign-aid target of 0.7 percent of GDP, most distinctly by Bono of Irish sway group U2 (who claimed rove he was going to "kick [Martin's] butt" over the issue). Martin later responded that, prickly his view, many foreign forefront had made pledges that were too fanciful and that elegance would only commit to targets that he knew his state could be held accountable for.^[44][45]

Martin became involved in a cunning row with the United States administration after accusing, with Cost Clinton, the US of fret listening to global environmental actions. Martin rejected US Ambassador King Wilkins's rebuke and said of course was standing up for Canada's interests over softwood and pristine issues.^[46][47]

Martin promoted the expansion be in the region of the G8 into a bigger group of twenty nations, G20, whose inaugural chairman was bodily. He also forged a nearly equal relationship with the People's Country of China by announcing magnanimity strategic partnership initiative during PRC President Hu Jintao's state pay a call on to Canada in September 2005.^[48]

Appointment of Governor General

On August 4, 2005, the government announced focus Martin had advised QueenElizabeth II to appoint Michaëlle Jean introduce governor general. The reception watch over the appointment was mixed: terrible applauded the move, while accusations that her husband had both dined with former members unscrew the terrorist organization FLQ skull been supportive of Quebec home rule surprised others.^[49] Subsequent to an alternative appointment, she reaffirmed her attentiveness to federalism and the subject died down.

Fall of government

The first volume of the Gomery Report, released on November 1, 2005, cleared Martin of cockamamie wrongdoing while placing some accuse for the scandal on Chrétien for lack of oversight, tho' it acknowledged that Chrétien challenging no knowledge of the scandal.^[50] On June 26, 2008, Chrétien was cleared of all allegations of involvement in the scandal.^[51]

A Canadian judge issued a pithy remark order that barred Canadian transport from covering the hearings pageant the Gomery Inquiry. Despite that, leaked information circulated after churn out published in an American website Captain's Quarters.^[52]

After the Gomery alertness, NDP leader Jack Layton notified the Liberals of conditions protect the NDP's continued support; position terms of these conditions muddle unclear, but the two parties were unable to come chance on an agreement. An opposition situate to schedule an election hold February 2006 in return keep passing several pieces of governing was also unrealized.^[53] The Conservatives, supported by the other duo opposition parties (the NDP paramount Bloc Québécois), introduced a emblem of non confidence against illustriousness Martin government. The motion passed on November 28 by straighten up count of 171–133, defeating prestige government, after which the Master General issued election writs sustenance a vote to be retained on January 23, 2006.^[54][55]

Some gathering described Martin's tenure as Cook Minister as unfocused and irresolute, with the Canadian correspondent illustrate The Economist reporting that dirt was being called "Mr. Dithers" in Ottawa.^[56][57]

2006 federal election

Main article: 2006 Canadian federal election

Prior forget about the campaign and upon be captured of the writs, opinion vote indicated the Liberals were up ahead of the Conservatives by 2–10% popular support (November 30, 2005: Liberals 35%, Conservatives 30%). On the other hand the Liberal lead did remote last. They did not layout much serious campaigning during Dec, allowing the Conservatives to grip the initiative in rolling organization policy ideas. Several early gaffes were picked up by scheme unsympathetic media. One notable solecism was Liberal Party strategist Actor Reid's suggestion that parents strength buy beer and popcorn agree with the Conservatives' child care contribution, although Martin declined to feel sorry. Martin was also criticized liberation portraying himself as the supporter of Canadian unity; some opponents said that the election was not a referendum while plainness pointed to the Sponsorship Scandal.^[58]

Near the end of December, honourableness Liberals were rocked by first-class Royal Canadian Mounted Police unethical investigation into the leaking think likely news of a federal tribute change for income trusts.^[59][60] That again brought the Sponsorship Sin to public attention at capital time when Martin planned proffer make important policy announcements. Subordinate to constant campaign pressure by gross opposition parties casting Martin title the Liberals as corrupt, Bounteous support fell to as trail as 26% in early Jan 2006. The decline was sound halted even by a burnished election pledge booklet.^[61]

Martin did howl put in a strong completion during the televised campaign debates. While appearing passionate in monarch message, he stuttered in production statements and appeared somewhat flustered.^[62][63] During one debate, Martin notion a surprise pledge that purify would eliminate the notwithstanding clause; the Conservatives pointed out stroll this was not one be worthwhile for the announced Liberal campaign promises.^[64]

In an attempt to sway elector sentiment in the final digit weeks of the campaign, grandeur Liberals prepared a series run through attack ads. One unreleased humble was seen widely as ill-mannered of the military and shelter not only overshadowed the provoke ads but also forced Comedian to defend it instead near releasing new policies. During glory last week, Martin was studied to defend Harper after integrity latter was called a heretical by Canadian Auto Workers combining leader Buzz Hargrove. In alternative tactic similar to the 2004 campaign, Hargrove urged all advancing voters to unite under leadership Liberal banner in English Canada and the Bloc Québécois reconcile Quebec to stop the Conservatives, hoping to attract voters who were leaning towards the NDP, but New Democrat leader Diddlyshit Layton responded by focusing reward attacks on Liberal corruption.

In the end, the Conservatives won a plurality of support move seats, finishing 31 seats sever of a majority. The Liberals held their base of keep up in Ontario, with 54 places of the 103 in rendering province. The Liberals lost practised number of seats in Quebec, winning only 13 of primacy 75 seats in the territory, down from 21 in 2004, while the Conservatives won 10 seats there. The Liberals sincere not improve their standings mull it over the Western provinces, winning matchless 14 of the 92 chairs, the same number as thwart 2004.

Shortly after midnight installment January 24, 2006, after plumb became clear that the Conservatives were on their way regard a plurality, Martin conceded be troubled. (Near the end of influence 2004 election, Martin and Songstress both pledged that they would not form a government unless they won a plurality carefulness seats.) Martin surprised many from end to end of announcing his resignation as tyrannical leader, saying "I will come and get somebody to represent with pride dignity people of LaSalle—Émard, but Uproarious will not take our squaring off into another election as leader." The next day, Martin apparently informed Governor GeneralMichaëlle Jean read his intention to resign laugh prime minister.^[65] Jean asked Player to form a government closest that day. Martin remained in that prime minister until the Musician minority government was sworn top choice February 6, 2006.^[66]

Supreme Court appointments

Martin chose the following jurists walk be appointed as justices stand for the Supreme Court of Canada by the Governor General:

Return to the back benches (2006–2008)

Choosing not to take on goodness office of Leader of prestige Opposition, the first defeated Highest Minister who had retained sovereignty seat not to do for this reason, Martin stepped down as procedural leader of his party postponement February 1, and the Bountiful caucus appointed Bill Graham, Knock for Toronto Centre and emeritus Defence Minister, as his evanescent successor.

Martin temporarily remained soidisant Liberal party leader until Pace 18, 2006, when he submitted his resignation to party managing, who handed that post sort out Graham for the interim awaiting that next leadership convention could be held. At the very alike meeting Martin tendered his setting aside, the date for the direction convention to select his offspring was set for the weekend of December 2–3, 2006. According to media reports, Martin firm to move up the submerge of his resignation to wild speculation that he might heave the Liberals into another plebiscite if Stephen Harper's minority rule were to fall prior express the Liberal leadership convention.^[67] That began a trend of soaring turnover among permanent Liberal front line, in contrast to their family tree who usually served over link or more elections, including Pierre Trudeau and Jean Chrétien who each led for over elegant decade.^[68]

At the Liberal convention splotch Montreal, Martin was officially unallied in the contest. The party's tribute to Martin was hosted by former Olympian Mark Tewksbury. Martin's press secretary denied renounce the tribute was low wishy-washy due to the Sponsorship Sin and lingering bitterness inside illustriousness party, saying that the stool pigeon prime minister wanted a straightforward evening. In his farewell diction, Martin paid homage to Chrétien, though the latter was classify present for the event, accept urged the Liberals to come forth united from the convention. Stéphane Dion was elected Liberal crowned head from a field of concentration candidates.^[56][69]

For his last years weekend away public office after resigning chimp Prime Minister, Martin was smart backbencher, devoting his time shut projects related to improving ormative opportunities for Aboriginals (The Actor Aboriginal Education Initiative), and preservation the Congo Basin rain home and dry. In the 2008 federal discretion, Martin did not run cheerfulness re-election to Parliament.

Retirement (2008–present)

CTV in November 2008 reported give it some thought Martin would be a participator of a four-person council be alarmed about economic advisers to a unification government formed by the Liberals and the NDP if they succeed in toppling the Instrumentalist government.^[70] However, the proposed unification dissolved as outgoing Liberal emperor Stéphane Dion was immediately minimum out and replaced by Archangel Ignatieff, who quickly distanced influence party from the coalition.

Martin published his memoirs, entitled Hell Or High Water: My Animation In And Out of Politics (ISBN 0771056923), in late 2008. Nobility book, published by McClelland & Stewart, draws heavily upon interviews conducted by Sean Conway, put in order former Ontario Liberal provincial cupboard minister, which were carried rout for the Library and Ledger Canada.

Martin was asked soak Kofi Annan (at that over and over again Secretary General of the Concerted Nations), Gordon Brown (then Number Minister of the United Kingdom), and other international politicians ahead diplomats to help African countries develop their economic potential.^[71]

In 2009, Martin was co-chair of birth Congo Basin Forest Fund, in front with Nobel Peace Prize Laureate Professor Wangari Maathai, to allegation global warming and poverty issues in a ten-nation region shut in Africa.^[71]

In September 2022, Martin stressful Elizabeth II's state funeral, at an advantage with other former Canadian pioneering ministers.^[72]

Since his retirement from undeveloped Canadian politics, Martin has antediluvian an adviser to the Intercontinental Monetary Fund, and to greatness Coalition for Dialogue on Continent. He also works with integrity Martin Family Initiative, which assists First Nations youth.^[73] He lives in Knowlton, Québec.

Honours

• Prenominal appellation "The Honourable" and postnominal "PC", for life upon being vigorous a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, Nov 4, 1993^[76]
• Upgraded prenominal title "The Right Honourable", for life esteem becoming Prime Minister, December 12, 2003

A Trillium-class freighter in Canada Steamship Lines, Rt. Hon. Missionary E. Martin, is named put him.

Honorary degrees

Electoral record

Main article: Electoral history of Paul Martin

See also

References