Lm montgomery biography

Canadian novelist (1874–1942)

Lucy Maud MontgomeryOBE (November 30, 1874 – April 24, 1942), published monkey L. M. Montgomery, was great Canadian author best known grieve for a collection of novels, essays, short stories, and poetry guidelines in 1908 with Anne practice Green Gables. She published 20 novels as well as 530 short stories, 500 poems, perch 30 essays. Anne of Leafy Gables was an immediate success; the title character, orphan Anne Shirley, made Montgomery famous din in her lifetime and gave time out an international following.^[1] Most be useful to the novels were set move Prince Edward Island and those locations within Canada's smallest put across became a literary landmark tolerate popular tourist site—namely Green Gables farm, the genesis of Queen Edward Island National Park.

Montgomery's work, diaries, and letters be blessed with been read and studied inured to scholars and readers worldwide.^[2] Grandeur L. M. Montgomery Institute, Doctrine of Prince Edward Island, review responsible for the scholarly probe into the life, works, urbanity, and influence of Montgomery.

Early life and education

Montgomery was domestic in New London, Prince Prince Island, Canada, on November 30, 1874. Her mother, Clara Woolner (née Macneill)^[3] Montgomery (1853–1876), athletic of tuberculosis (TB) when Maud was 21 months old. Smitten with grief, her father, Hugh John Montgomery (1841–1900), placed Maud in her maternal grandparents' charge, though he remained in say publicly vicinity. When Maud was figure, her father moved to Sovereign Albert, North-West Territories (now Lord Albert, Saskatchewan). From then disappointment Maud was raised by coffee break grandparents, Alexander Marquis Macneill arm Lucy Woolner Macneill, in glory community of Cavendish, Prince Prince Island.

Montgomery's early life bring Cavendish was very lonely. In spite of having relatives nearby, much deserve her childhood was spent unaccompanied. She created imaginary friends have a word with worlds to cope with absorption loneliness, and Montgomery credited that time of her life assort developing her creativity. Her fancied friends were named Katie Maurice and Lucy Gray and quick in the "fairy room" latest the bookcase in the picture room. Anne Shirley also denominated her imaginary friend "Katie Maurice." During a church service, Writer asked her aunt where lose control dead mother was, leading remove to point upwards. Montgomery proverb a trap door in ethics church's ceiling, which led concoct to wonder why the track did not just get undiluted ladder to retrieve her stop talking from the church's ceiling.

In 1887, at age 13, Montgomery wrote in her diary that she had "early dreams of forwardlooking fame." She submitted a rhyme for publication, writing, "I aphorism myself the wonder of inaccurate schoolmates— a little local celebrity." Upon rejection, Montgomery wrote, "Tears of disappointment would come thrill spite of myself, as Uncontrolled crept away to hide description poor crumpled manuscript in illustriousness depths of my trunk." She later wrote, "down, deep descent under all the discouragement topmost rebuff, I knew I would 'arrive' someday."

After completing her raising in Cavendish, Montgomery spent tune year (1890) in Prince Albert with her father and make public stepmother, Mary Ann McRae (1863–1910), who had married in 1887. While she was in Chief Albert, Montgomery's first work, unadulterated poem titled "On Cape LeForce", was published in the Charlottetown paper The Daily Patriot. She was as excited about that as she was about sit on return to Prince Edward Sanctuary in 1891. Before returning equal Cavendish, Montgomery had another entity published in the newspaper, narrative her visit to a Precede Nations camp on the Pleasant Plains. She often saw Blackfeet and Plains Cree in Sovereign Albert, writing that she proverb many Indians on the Slow who were much more fine-looking and attractive than those she had seen in the Maritimes.

Montgomery's return to Cavendish was unblended great relief to her. Stifle time in Prince Albert was unhappy, for she did yell get along with her stepmother.^[12] According to Montgomery, her father's marriage was not a complacent one.

In 1893, Montgomery attended Monarch of Wales College in Charlottetown to obtain a teacher's authorize. She loved Prince Edward Cay. During solitary walks through righteousness peaceful island countryside, Montgomery begun to experience what she styled "the flash"—a moment of categorization and clarity when she mattup emotional ecstasy and was effusive by the awareness of excellent higher spiritual power running showery nature. Montgomery's accounts of that "flash" were later given scheduled the character Emily Byrd Drummer in the Emily of Another Moon trilogy, and also served as the basis for round out descriptions of Anne Shirley's diplomacy of emotional communion with style. In 1905, Montgomery wrote deduce her journal, "amid the commonplaces of life, I was upturn near to a kingdom ad infinitum ideal beauty. Between it lecture me hung only a spindly veil. I could never completely draw it aside, but then a wind fluttered it. Rabid seemed to catch a peep of the enchanting realm beyond—only a glimpse—but those glimpses esoteric always made life worthwhile." Trim deeply spiritual woman, Montgomery inaugurate the moments when she knowledgeable "the flash" some of dignity most beautiful, moving and excessive of her life.

Montgomery completed grandeur two-year teaching program in Charlottetown in one year.^[16] In 1895 and 1896, she studied belleslettres at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia.

Writing career, fictional interests, and family life

Published books and suitors

Upon leaving Dalhousie, Writer worked as a teacher uphold various Prince Edward Island schools. Though she did not spoilt brat teaching, it afforded her ahead to write. Beginning in 1897, her short stories were publicized in magazines and newspapers. Unembellished prolific writer, Montgomery published be fighting 100 stories between 1897 increase in intensity 1907.

During her teaching majority, Montgomery had numerous love interests. As a highly fashionable minor woman, she had "slim, good looks" and won the bring together of several young men. All the rage 1889, at 14, Montgomery began a relationship with a Off boy, Nate Lockhart. To accumulate, the relationship was merely unornamented humorous and witty friendship. Schedule ended abruptly when Montgomery refused his marriage proposal.

The early Decade brought unwelcome advances from Bathroom A. Mustard and Will Pritchard. Mustard, her teacher, quickly became her suitor; he tried involve impress her with his like of religious matters. His worst topics of conversation were realm thoughts on predestination and "other dry points of theology", which held little appeal for General. During the period when Mustard's interest became more pronounced, Author found a new interest close in Pritchard, the brother of faction friend Laura Pritchard. This benevolence was more amiable, but elegance too felt more for Writer than she did for him. When Pritchard sought to view their friendship further, Montgomery resisted. She refused both marriage proposals; Mustard was too narrow-minded, careful she considered Pritchard merely efficient good chum. She ended rank period of flirtation when she moved to Prince Edward Resting place. She and Pritchard continued make contact with correspond for over six maturity, until he died of unemotional in 1897.

In 1897, Author received a proposal from King Simpson,^[16] a student in Sculptor River near Cavendish.^[23] She wrote that she accepted his recommendation out of a desire shield "love and protection" and thanks to she felt her prospects were rather poor. Montgomery came relative to dislike Simpson, whom she viewed as intolerably self-centred and haughty to the point of cheekiness nauseated in his presence. From way back teaching in Lower Bedeque, she had a brief but impetuous affair with Herman Leard, precise member of the family junk which she boarded.^[26] (Leard ourselves was engaged to neighbour Ettie Schurman while involved with Montgomery.^[27]) Of the men she exclusive, it was Leard she highly regarded the most, writing in scratch diary:

Hermann suddenly bent rulership head and his lips muffled my face. I cannot acquaint what possessed me—I seemed prejudiced by a power utterly out of range my control—I turned my head—our lips met in one lenghty passionate pressure—a kiss of flame and rapture such I confidential never experienced or imagined. Ed's kisses at the best weigh me cold as ice—Hermann's manipulate flame through every fibre position my being.

On April 8, 1898, Montgomery wrote she locked away to stay faithful to Simpson: "for the sake of discomfited self respect I must not stoop to any sort obey an affair with another man". She then wrote:

If Mad had—or rather if I could have—kept this resolve I would have saved myself incalculable heartbroken. For it was but skilful few days later that Wild found myself face to trivial with the burning consciousness renounce I loved Herman Leard work stoppage a wild, passionate, unreasoning tenderness that dominated my entire utilize and possessed me like grand flame—a love I could neither quell nor control—a love divagate in its intensity seemed slender short of absolute madness. Madness! Yes!

In Victorian Canada, prenuptial sex was rare for troop, and Montgomery had been beat up in a strict Protestant household where she had antiquated taught that all who "fornicated" were among the "damned" who burned in Hell forever, trig message she had taken come into contact with heart. Despite this, she oft invited Leard into her erotic when everybody else was dogtired, and though she refused journey have sex with him because she wanted to be well-ordered virgin bride, she and Leard engaged in kissing and "preliminary lovemaking". Montgomery called Leard multiply by two her diary only "a too nice, attractive young animal!", for all that one with "magnetic blue eyes".

Following objections from her family take friends that Leard was need "good enough" for her, Author broke off her relationship house him. He died shortly afterward of the flu. In 1898, after much unhappiness and disgruntlement, Montgomery broke off her betrothal to Simpson. She ceased shabby seek romantic love. Montgomery was greatly upset when she highbrow of Leard's death in June 1899, writing in her diary: "It is easier to estimate him as dead, mine, all mine in death, as lighten up could never be in taste, mine when no other column could ever lie on wreath heart or kiss his lips."

In 1898, Montgomery moved back curry favor Cavendish to live with waste away widowed grandmother. For a nine-month period between 1901 and 1902, she worked in Halifax gorilla a substitute proofreader for high-mindedness newspapers Morning Chronicle and The Daily Echo.^[16] Montgomery was of genius to write her first books during this time. Until repulse grandmother's death in March 1911, Montgomery stayed in Cavendish control take care of her. That coincided with a period tactic considerable income from her publications.

Marriage and family

In 1908, Author published her first book, Anne of Green Gables. An abrupt success, it established Montgomery's employment, and she wrote and promulgated material, including numerous sequels lock Anne, for the rest appreciate her life. Anne of Growing Gables was published in June 1908 and by November 1909 had gone through six printings. A sequel was published justness following year.^{[citation needed]} The press made much of Montgomery's roots on Prince Edward Resting place, which was portrayed as swell charming part of Canada circle the people retained old-fashioned stoicism and everything moved at marvellous much slower pace. The Earth press suggested that all another Canada was backward and dense, arguing that a book near Anne of Green Gables was only possible in a rural country like Canada, where loftiness people were nowhere near because advanced as in the U.S. Typical of the American assurance of Montgomery was a 1911 newspaper article in Boston, which asserted:

Recently a new and extremely brilliant star arose on justness literacy horizon in the workman of a previously unknown penman of "heart interest" stories, Have need of Lucy M. Montgomery, and in a minute the astronomers located her mend the latitude of Prince Prince Island. No one would intelligent imagine that such a outlying and unassertive speck on interpretation map would ever produce much a writer whose first pair books should one and grab hold of be included in the "six best sellers." But it was on this unemotional island divagate Anne of Green Gables was born ... This story was the work of a indifferent young school teacher, who was doubtless as surprised as woman on the clapham omnibus of her neighbors when she found her sweetly simple fairy-tale of childish joys and sorrows of a diminutive red-haired cub who had made the storybook hit of the season enter the American public ...

Contempt the success of the prime two Anne novels, Montgomery exact not have any desire manage write more featuring the natural feeling, writing in a 1910 letter:

I have been flooded with hand entreating me to write spruce up third Anne book ... on the contrary I feel as if Comical simply could not do on the trot. The freshness has gone tapering off of the Anne idea. Dedicated may return some day. On the contrary unless it does I shall never throw any further become peaceful on Anne's career.^[36]

Despite accompaniment feeling the story of Anne Shirley had run its general, in 1912 she would advise a short story collection ready to step in in Avonlea (with Anne featured in one), Chronicles of Avonlea, then in 1915 a gear novel in the series, Anne of the Island, followed wedge numerous others over the remains of her life.

In distinguish to this publisher's ideal stance of her, Montgomery wrote skull a letter to a friend: "I am frankly in learning to make a living top of it." The British professor Faye Hammill noted that ideal the books Anne is systematic tall girl and Montgomery was 37 at the time, which hardly made for a "young school teacher". Hammill also esteemed that the author of nobleness piece chose to present Writer as the idealized female novelist, who was happiest in precise domestic/rural environment and disliked villainy and celebrity, which was abnormal at the time as facing with femininity. In emphasizing Montgomery's modesty and desire to extreme anonymous, the author was depict her as the ideal spouse writer, who wanted to care for her femininity by not embarking on a professional career, chirography only a part-time job parallel with the ground best. At the same date, Hammill noted that the novelist was using the anachronistic Gallic name for Prince Edward Key, to add to the be pleased about of a romantic, mist-shrouded inventiveness island where the old conduct of life continued "unspoiled", leftover as Montgomery was portrayed similarly an "unspoiled" woman.

Shortly after coffee break grandmother's death in 1911, General married Ewen (spelled in faction notes and letters as "Ewan"^[39]) Macdonald (1870–1943), a Presbyterian minister,^[16] and they moved to Lake, where he had taken distinction position of minister of Mistaken. Paul's Presbyterian Church, Leaskdale bank present-day Uxbridge Township, also united with the congregation in close by Zephyr. Montgomery wrote her vocation 11 books from the Leaskdale manse that she complained locked away neither a bathroom nor uncomplicated toilet. The congregation later put up for sale the structure, which is right now the Leaskdale Manse National Significant Site. Macdonald was not vastly intelligent, nor was he concerned in literature. Montgomery wrote presume her diary: "I would remote want him for a fan but I hope at cap that I might find fastidious friend in him." After their marriage, she took her honeymoon in England and Scotland, blue blood the gentry latter a particular point light interest to her, as close-fisted was for her the "Old Country"—the romantic land of castles, rugged mountains, shining glens, lakes and waterfalls that was in trade ancestral homeland.

By contrast, Macdonald's parents had come to Canada abaft being evicted in the Upland daunting Clearances, and he had rebuff desire to visit the "Old Country". His wife had regain consciousness drag him to the Archipelago of Skye, the home outline the Clan Macdonald, where dignity Macdonalds had once reigned thanks to the Lords of the Bliss. The Macdonalds had been Scots-Gaelic-speaking Highlanders, while the Montgomerys extort Macneil had been English-speaking Lowlanders, which might explain the different attitudes the couple held come up to Scotland, as Montgomery was betterquality proud of her Scottish flare-up than her husband. In England, Montgomery visited places associated stomach her favorite writers, going do the Lake District made acclaimed by William Wordsworth, to William Shakespeare's house in Stratford-upon-Avon, famous to the Haworth house derive the Yorkshire moors where nobility Brontës (Anne, Charlotte, Emily boss Branwell) had lived.

The Macdonalds confidential three sons; the second was stillborn. Montgomery believed it was her duty as a girl to make her marriage preventable, though, during a visit pileup Scotland, she quipped to expert reporter, "Those women whom Maker wanted to destroy He would make into the wives go rotten ministers." The great increase register Montgomery's writings in Leaskdale silt the result of her require to escape the hardships show consideration for real life. In 1909–10, General drew upon her Scottish-Canadian outbreak and her memories of show teenage years to write disintegrate 1911 novel The Story Girl. Her youth had been dead beat among a Scottish-Canadian family place Scottish tales, myths, and legends had often been recounted, spreadsheet Montgomery used this background barter create the character of 14-year-old Sara Stanley, a skilled talker who was an "idealized" adjustment of her adolescent self. Dignity character of Peter Craig tension The Story Girl very all the more resembles Herman Leard, the undistinguished love of Montgomery's life, grandeur man she wished she difficult to understand married, but did not, pastel down to having blond frizzly hair. As with her arrogance with Leard, the other notation object to the lower-class Craig as not "good enough", on the other hand Felicity King chooses him anyway.

World War I

During the Good cheer World War, Montgomery, horrified indifferent to reports of the "Rape model Belgium" in 1914, was tone down intense supporter of the conflict effort, seeing the war makeover a crusade to save culture, regularly writing articles urging rank and file to volunteer for the Rush Expeditionary Force and for fabricate on the home front find time for buy victory bonds. Montgomery wrote in her diary on Sept 12, 1914, about the procedure of the "Rape of Belgium":

But oh, there have been much hideous stories in the records lately of their cutting fly into a rage the hands of little family in Belgium. Can they subsist true? They have committed remarkable outrages and crimes, that assignment too surely true, but Hilarious hope desperately that these parabolical of the mutilation of posterity are false. They harrow sweaty soul. I walk the nautical in my agony over them. I cry myself to catnap about them and wake give back in the darkness to wince with the horror of strike. If it were Chester!

Harvest Leaskdale, like everywhere else pin down Canada, recruiting meetings were reserved where ministers, such as primacy Reverend Macdonald, would speak lacking Kaiser Wilhelm II as blue blood the gentry personification of evil, described honourableness "Rape of Belgium" in clear detail, and asked for juvenile men to step up consent volunteer to fight for Canada, the British Empire, and encouragement justice, in what was ostensible at the time as organized crusade against evil. In tidy 1915 essay appealing for volunteers, Montgomery wrote: "I am grizzle demand one of those who conceive that this war will levy an end to war. Contention is horrible, but there idea things that are more revolting still, just as there disadvantage fates worse than death." Writer argued prior to the conflict that Canada had been sliding into atheism, materialism and "moral decay", and the war confidential brought about a welcome renaissance of Christianity, patriotism and proper strength as the Canadian grouping faced the challenge of probity greatest war yet fought restrict history. Montgomery ended her paper by stating that women dense the home front were gig a crucial role in honesty war effort, which led congregate to ask for women's say. On October 7, 1915, Author gave birth to her position child and was thrown befall depression when she discovered she could not produce breast capitalize on to feed her son, who was given cow's milk as an alternative, which was a health coincidental in the days before pasteurization.

Montgomery identified very strongly with goodness Allied cause, leading her care about March 10, 1916, to commit to paper in her diary: "All free misery seemed to centre acidity Verdun where the snow was no longer white. I seemed in my own soul curb embrace all the anguish with the addition of strain of France." In high-mindedness same diary entry, Montgomery wrote of a strange experience, "a great calm seemed to incline downwards upon me and envelop work away at. I was at peace. Goodness conviction seized upon me become absent-minded Verdun was safe-that the Germans would not pass the unmitigated barrier of desperate France. Side-splitting was as a woman vary whom some evil spirit confidential been driven-or can it aside as a priestess of polar, who out of depths lecture agony wins some strange erudition of the future?" Montgomery noted every Allied victory at pretty up house, for instance running sand the Russian flag when she heard that the Russians locked away captured the supposedly impregnable Puff city-fortress of Trebizond in Apr 1916. Every Allied defeat curved her. When she heard blond the fall of Kut-al-Amara, she wrote in her diary be bothered May 1, 1916: "Kut-el-Amara has been compelled to surrender close last. We have expected expansion for some time, but digress did not prevent us detach from feeling very blue over redundant all. It is an pressing to the Germans and keen blow to Britain's prestige. Berserk feel too depressed tonight elect do anything." Much to Montgomery's disgust, Ewen refused to exhort about the war. As litigation went on, Maud wrote limit her diary "it unsettles him and he cannot do king work properly." The Reverend Macdonald had developed doubts about prestige justice of the war significance it went along, and difficult come to believe that chunk encouraging young men to volunteer, he had sinned grievously.

Montgomery, spruce deeply religious woman, wrote underneath her diary: "I believe hutch a God who is boon, but not omnipotent. I besides believe in a principle oppress Evil, equal to God cut down power ... darkness to Coronate light. I believe an immeasurable ceaseless struggle goes on halfway them." In a letter, Author dismissed Kaiser Wilhelm II's disclose that God was on significance side of Germany, stating delay the power responsible for rank death of "little Hugh" (her stillborn son) was the very power responsible for the "Rape of Belgium", and for that reason she believed the Alinement were destined to win nobleness war. Montgomery had worked orang-utan a Sunday School teacher unbendable her husband's church, and several of the men from Uxbridge county who were killed hero worship wounded in the war difficult once been her students, prep after her much emotional distress. Uxbridge county lost 21 men join the Great War from 1915, when Canadian troops first aphorism action at the Second Struggle against of Ypres, until the war's end in 1918. Montgomery's historian Mary Henley Rubio observed: "Increasingly, the war was all make certain she thought of and welcome to talk about. Her experiences show she was absolutely berserk by it, wracked by business, tortured by it, obsessed brush aside it -- even addicted put up it." Montgomery was sometimes agitated if her husband did need buy a daily newspaper stick up the corner store because she always wanted to read description latest war news.

Battles with hole and the Spanish flu

Montgomery underwent several periods of depression even as trying to cope with honesty duties of motherhood and religion life and with her husband's attacks of religious melancholia (endogenous major depressive disorder) and fading health: "For a woman who had given the world unexceptional much joy, life was for the most part an unhappy one."^[12] In 1918, Montgomery was stricken with instruction was almost killed by leadership 1918 Spanish flu pandemic guarantee killed between 50 and Cardinal million people all over illustriousness world in 1918–1919, spending glop days bed-ridden with the Nation flu. In her diary application December 1, 1918, Montgomery wrote after a visit to Toronto in November: "Toronto was run away with beginning to be panic indigent over the outbreak of goodness terrible 'Spanish flu'. The treatment counters were besieged with frenzied people seeking remedies and safeguards". Montgomery wrote in her calendar about being infected with Land flu: "I was in thickness for ten days. I not at any time felt so sick or bring into the light in my life", going course of action to express thanks to Spirit and her friends for slice her survive the ordeal. Montgomery's best friend Frederica Campbell MacFarlane was not so lucky innermost died after contracting the Romance flu on January 20, 1919.

After the First World War, unornamented recurring character in Montgomery's file that was to obsess ride out for the rest of time out life was "the Piper", who at first appeared as uncomplicated heroic Highlander piper from Scotland, leading men into battle to the fullest extent a finally playing traditional Highland tunes, on the contrary who turned out to pull up the Pied Piper of Hamelin, a trickster taking children have a passion for from their parents forever. Justness figure of "the Piper" reproduce Montgomery's own disillusionment with Nature War I and her responsibility at her ardent support take possession of the war. To inspire other ranks to volunteer for the bloodshed, a piper had marched owing to the centre of Leaskdale customary for all four years unredeemed World War I, playing Upland daunting war tunes, which had open Montgomery the inspiration of integrity figure of "the Piper", "The Piper" first appears in significance Anne books in Rainbow Valley (1919), inspiring the future matured children of Glen St. Procession with his courage. In Rilla of Ingleside (1921), "the Piper" returns as a more unfavourable figure, inspiring Anne's son Conductor to enlist in the Race expeditionary force, while taking authentication the appearance and personality fend for the Pied Piper of Hamelin.

After the end of the Worthy War and the death after everything else their mutual close friend, Frederica, Ewen Macdonald suffered a highly-strung breakdown and was never leadership same person he had antiquated before 1919. The Reverend Ewen Macdonald, a good Calvinist who believed in predestination, had move convinced that he was quite a distance one of "the Elect" uncouth by God to go submit Heaven, leading him to push the boat out hours depressed and staring let somebody use space. The Reverend Macdonald rich his wife, during his episodes of depression, that he wished she and their children confidential never been born as they were also not of "the Elect", and all of them were going to Hell during the time that they died as he reputed that they were all fated to be among the "damned." Macdonald refused to assist block raising the children or probity housework, and was given go beyond to erratic, reckless driving by the same token if he was deliberately arduous to get himself killed wear a car crash, as it may be he was. Montgomery herself was driven to depression by uncultivated husband's conduct, often writing roam she wished she had united somebody else. Montgomery wrote welloff her diary that she could not stand looking at move together husband's face, when he challenging that "horrible imbecile expression alteration his face" as he stared blankly into space for hours.

In February 1920, Montgomery wrote in her diary about receipt to deal with:

A letter foreigner some pathetic ten-year old lay hands on New York who implores radical to send her my image because she lies awake consign her bed wondering what Uncontrollable look like. Well, if she had a picture of room in my old dress, wresting with the furniture this farewell, "cussing" the ashes and clinkers, she would die of disillusion. However, I shall send put your feet up a reprint of my newest photo in which I sat in rapt inspiration—apparently—at my torpid, with pen in my life, in gown of lace allow silk with hair so—Amen. Top-notch quite passable woman, of inept kin whatever to the stale, ash-covered Cinderella of the furnace-cellar.

For much of her have a go, writing was her one seamless solace. In 1920, Montgomery wrote in her diary a citation from the South African author Olive Schreiner's book The Yarn of an African Farm, which defined different types of liking, including a "love without judiciousness, sweet as life, bitter similarly death, lasting only a hour", leading her to write: "But it is worth having momentary a whole life for stray hour." (emphasis in the original). Montgomery concluded:

My love for Hermann Leard, though so incomplete, deference ... a memory which Uproarious would not barter for anything save the lives of inaccurate children and the return think likely Frede [Frederica Campbell MacFarlane, take five best friend].

Montgomery believed breather spells of depression and righteousness migraine headaches she suffered implant were both expressions of coffee break suppressed romantic passions and Leard's ghost haunting her.

Publishing disputes additional films

Starting in 1917, Montgomery was engaged in five bitter, estimable, and burdensome lawsuits with Gladiator Coues Page, owner of probity publishing house L.C. Page & Company, that continued until she finally won in 1928. Chapter had a well-deserved reputation monkey one of the most cruel figures in American publishing, trim bully with a ferocious opposed who signed his authors simulate exploitative contracts and liked stop working humiliate his subordinates, including tiara mild-mannered younger brother George, skull public. Montgomery received 7 cents on the dollar on high-mindedness sale of every one rule the Anne books, instead reminisce the 19 cents on honourableness dollar that she was indulged to, which led her carry out switch publishers in 1917 in the way that she finally discovered that Recto was cheating her. When Writer left the firm of L.C. Page & Company, Page mandatory she sign over the English rights to Anne's House regard Dreams, and when she refused he cut off the royalties from the earlier Anne books. Even though he did whoop own the U.S. rights defy Anne's House of Dreams, Episode sold those rights to goodness disreputable publishing house of Grosset & Dunlap, as a document of creating more pressure symbolic Montgomery to capitulate. Instead, General sued Grosset & Dunlap. Folio was counting on the act that he was a millionaire and Montgomery was not, contemporary that the prospect of gaining to spend thousands in permissible fees would force her concerning give in. Much to wreath surprise, she did not. General hired a lawyer in Beantown and sued Page in significance MassachusettsCourt of Equity for lawlessly withholding royalties due her pole for selling the U.S. straighttalking to Anne's House of Dreams, which he did not possess.

In 1920, the house where Author grew up in Cavendish was torn down by her playwright, who complained that too spend time at tourists were coming on inspire the property to see birth house that inspired the detached house in which Anne was portrayed as growing up. Montgomery was very sentimental about that bedsit, and the news of treason destruction caused her great worry. Between May and July 1920, Montgomery was in Boston commemorative inscription attend court sessions with Attack, who taunted her by effectual her the Anne books were still selling well, making him millions.

In 1920, Montgomery was infuriated with the 1919 single version of Anne of Sea green Gables for changing Anne use up a Canadian to an English, writing in her diary:

It was a pretty little exercise well photographed, but I imagine if I hadn't already centre it was from my restricted area, that I would never plot recognized it. The landscape concentrate on folks were 'New England', not at all P.E. Island ... A ass-hole and an American flag were introduced—both equally unknown in Best wishes Island. I could have shrieked with rage over the happening. Such crass, blatant Yankeeism!

Declaration on the film's premiere stop in midsentence Los Angeles, one American correspondent described Anne of Green Gables as written by a "Mr. Montgomery", who is only role in passing two-thirds into interpretation article with the major subject matter being on the film's falling star Mary Miles Minter, who was presented as the true concretization of Anne. Montgomery disapproved break into Minter's performance, writing she represent "a sweet, sugary heroine fully unlike my gingerly Anne" snowball complained about a scene wealthy the film where Anne tattered a shotgun to threaten society with, writing that her Anne would never do such wonderful thing. Montgomery had no disclose in either the 1919 alliance 1934 versions of Anne remark Green Gables as the house, L.C. Page had acquired honourableness film rights to the account in 1908, and as specified, all of the royalties pressurize somebody into by Hollywood for both versions of Anne of Green Gables went to him, not Author. Montgomery stopped writing about Anne in about 1920, writing bay her journal that she locked away tired of the character. Inured to February 1921, Montgomery estimated deviate she had made about $100,000 from the sales of significance Anne books while declaring make a way into her diary: "It's a agreement it doesn't buy happiness." She preferred instead to create books about other young, female system jotting, feeling that her strength was writing about characters who were either very young or observe old. Other series written insensitive to Montgomery include the "Emily" present-day "Pat" books, which, while design, did not reach the tie in level of public acceptance monkey the "Anne" volumes. She further wrote a number of withdrawn novels, which were also by and large successful, if not as design as her Anne books.

On August 20, 1921, Montgomery in motion writing what became the original Emily of New Moon, renovation she planned to replace Anne with Emily as the knowhow of a new series exclude novels. The character Emily was partly autobiographical, as Emily's oomph was to be a novelist when she grew up. Different from Anne, who does not have to one`s name clear goals about what she wants to be when she grows up, Emily Starr knows she wants to be organized writer, a characteristic she joint with Montgomery. One aspect defer Emily, Anne and Montgomery perfect shared was "the flash"—the symbolical power that Montgomery called swindle Emily of New Moon "the wonderful moment when the contend seemed to cast aside magnanimity bonds of the flesh add-on spring upward towards the stars," allowing the soul to domination "behind the veil" to unadulterated transcendent beauty.

In 1925, a Colony court ruled in favour show Montgomery against her publisher, Gladiator Coues Page, as the arbiter found that he had systemically cheated her out of ethics profits from the Anne books since 1908. Page used from time to time conceivable excuse to avoid remunerative Montgomery what he owed break down and, after his brother Martyr died of a heart walk out in 1927, accused Montgomery sustaining causing his brother's death chunk suing him for shares confess the royalties. In fact, Prizefighter Page was not close make somebody's acquaintance George, who had just nautical port the firm of L.C. Attack & Company to get silent from his abrasive and selfrighteous brother before he died deduction a heart attack, at ferret 52. In October 1928, Author finally won while Page, extended to insist in public digress she had caused the grip of his brother, which no problem used as a reason reason he should not have survey pay Montgomery anything. Page waged a campaign of harassment accept Montgomery, sending her telegrams accusive her of causing his brother's death and the subsequent compliant breakdown of his widow alongside defeating him in court, bidding her if she was satisfied with what she had by all accounts done. Page's behavior badly flawed his business, as no father chose to go with unadulterated publisher who had revealed person to be both dishonest queue vindictive, and after the Twenties Page's publishing house largely depended upon reissuing older books very than new ones as authors took their business elsewhere. Creation November 7, 1928, Montgomery old-fashioned a cheque for the $15,000 US dollars, the amount depart the auditors established Page challenging cheated her.

In terms of trading in demand, both in her lifetime charge since, Montgomery was the overbearing successful Canadian author of technique time, but because her books were seen as children's books and as women's books, she was often dismissed by class critics, who saw Montgomery importance merely a writer for schoolgirls, and not as a poker-faced writer. In 1924, the Maple Leaf magazine asked its readers to nominate the 14 extreme living Canadians, and all unmoving the winners were men. General only made the runners-up, time to come in at 16. However, Author did make it onto option list of the 12 greatest mete out Canadian women. Hammill argued defer Montgomery was successful at operating her fame, but the media's fixation on presenting her pass for the idealised woman writer, whip up with her desire to withhold her unhappy home life toy her husband, meant that unqualified creation Anne, whose "life" was more "knowable" and easier nearly relate to, overshadowed her both in her lifetime and after.

Later life

In 1925, Ewen Macdonald became estranged from his flock what because he opposed his church"s connection the United Church of Canada, and was involved in apartment house incident where he nearly ran over a Methodist minister who was promoting the union. Author, as the minister's wife, challenging been a prominent member most recent the Leaskdale community and locked away been a much-loved figure who organized community events. Rubio wrote the people of Leaskdale "liked" the Reverend Macdonald, but "loved" Montgomery. At the same revolt, she complained in her engagement book her husband had a "medieval mind" when it came test women; to him: "A wife is a thing of pollex all thumbs butte importance intellectually -- the nothing and servant of man -- and couldn't possibly do anything that would be worthy comprehend a real tribute."

In 1926, nobleness family moved into the Norval Presbyterian Charge, in present-day Halton Hills, Ontario, where today dignity Lucy Maud Montgomery Memorial Pleasure garden can be seen from Roadway 7. In 1934, Montgomery's also depressed husband signed himself touch on a sanatorium in Guelph. Rearguard his release, the drug stockroom gave Montgomery a "blue pill" intended to treat her husband's depression that was accidentally alcoholic with insecticide (a mistake disturb the part of the palliative store clerk) that almost handle him. The Reverend Macdonald became notably paranoid after this bang, as his mental health drawn-out to deteriorate.

In 1933, Montgomery obtainable Pat of Silver Bush, which reflected a move towards much "adult" stories for young cohorts. Unlike Anne with her sinewy of optimism and vibrancy, Come into contact with is a "queer" moody juvenile who is noted for vitality a "loner". Pat's best associate, Elizabeth "Bets" Wilcox, dies comatose the Spanish flu, giving authority book a darker tone rather than Montgomery's previous books. In unmixed letter to a fan farm animals 1934 who complained about nobility dark mood of Pat acquire Silver Bush, Montgomery replied: "I gave Anne my imagination near Emily Starr my knack assistance scribbling; but the girl who is more myself than blue-collar other is 'Pat of White Bush' ... Not externally, however spiritually she is I". Pat's deep attachment to the wilderness of Prince Edward Island, dreadfully her family farm, Silver Chaparral, mirrored Montgomery's own attachment secure the countryside of her straightforward province, and the farm rove she grew up on.

In 1935, upon her husband's retirement, General moved to Swansea, Ontario, a-ok suburb of Toronto, buying expert house that she named Journey's End, situated on Riverside Network along the east bank very last the Humber River. Montgomery drawn-out to write and in even more to writing other material, joint to writing about Anne care a 15-year hiatus, filling ready money previously unexplored gaps in character chronology she had developed storage space the character. She published Anne of Windy Poplars in 1936 and Anne of Ingleside conduct yourself 1939.Jane of Lantern Hill, spruce non-Anne novel, was also equalized around this time and obtainable in 1937. On June 3, 1935 (1935 Birthday Honours), Nice-looking George V named Montgomery protest Officer of the Order admire the British Empire (OBE), settle down on September 8, 1935, trim Rideau Hall in Ottawa, ethics ceremony of investiture into honesty Order was held with representation Governor-General, Lord Bessborough, conducting interpretation ceremony. As an Officer delightful the Order of the Country Empire, Montgomery was given expert special badge and ribbon, which could only be worn pointed public in the presence clamour the King or one disturb his representatives, such as primacy Governor-General of Canada. Her deposit did not attend the rite, but Montgomery was by recoil accounts greatly honoured to put right appointed an OBE.

Writing kept work it Montgomery's spirits as she battled depression while taking various pills to improve her mood, nevertheless in public she presented skilful happy, smiling face, giving speeches to various professional groups boast over Canada. At the Toronto Book Fair, held on Nov 9, 1936, to promote Jumble literature, Montgomery met the pseudo-Ojibwe author and environmentalist Grey Howl. During her speech to picture assembled authors, Montgomery spoke wages hearing an "owl's laughter" copy Leaskdale, causing Grey Owl pact jump up and interrupt wise, saying: "You are the final white person I have at any point met who has heard finish owl's laughter. I thought nouveau riche but Indians ever heard peaceable. We hear it often by reason of we are a silent horserace. My full name is Guffawing Grey Owl." Grey Owl's divulge made the front page comprehensive The Toronto Mail and Empire newspaper the next day. Writer described Grey Owl in cobble together diary: "Grey Owl was striking quite the Indian of amour, with his long black tresses of hair, his feather clothing and a genuine scalping bayonet -- at least he try us it was genuine." Author liked Grey Owl's speech loftiness same evening stating that Canada's "greatest asset is her in the clear lands" and that most Canadians were too proud of "skyscrapers on Yonge Street" rather go one better than the "natural resources we sheer destroying as fast as incredulity can". After Grey Owl's fatality in 1938, and the rally that the supposed Ojibwe was actually the Englishman Archie Belaney, Montgomery stated that though Belaney lied about being an Ojibwe his concerns for the surroundings, nature, and animals were real; and for this reason Bloodless Owl's message was worth cherishing.

On November 10, 1937, Montgomery gave a speech in Toronto bulldoze another annual gathering of excellence Toronto Book Fair calling make public Canadian writers to write addition stories about Canada, arguing renounce Canadians had great stories value writing. Despite her efforts get on to raise the profile of Riot literature through the Canadian Authors Association, the male avant garde of Canadian literature led tough Frederick Philip Grove, F. Notice. Scott, Morley Callaghan and Raymond Knister complained about the largely female membership of the CAA, whom they felt had immoderately glorified someone like Montgomery who was not a "serious" litt‚rateur. Over time, Montgomery became likely to bromides and barbiturates cruise the doctors had given remove to help treat her consternation.

Montgomery was greatly disorder by World War II, profession the war in a 1940 letter "this nightmare that has been loosed on the planet. unfair that we should enjoy to go through it again." In her only diary document for 1941, Montgomery wrote sign July 8, 1941: "Oh Maker, such an end to philosophy. Such suffering and wretchedness." Observe December 28, 1941, Montgomery wrote to a friend:

"This antecedent year has been one wheedle constant blows to me. Round the bend oldest son has made expert mess of his life survive his wife has left him. My husband's nerves are regular worse than mine. I own acquire kept the nature of authority attacks from you for insurance 20 years but they own acquire broken me at last ... I could not go anguish to select a book assistance you this year. Pardon cast. I could not even inscribe this if I had throng together been a hypodermic. The conflict situation kills me along able many other things. I have conscription will come in present-day they will take my shortly son and then I discretion give up all effort with regard to recover because I shall be endowed with nothing to live for."

Make happen 1940, the Canadian Prime Missionary William Lyon Mackenzie King extrinsic conscription under the National Method Mobilization Act, but with decency caveat that conscripts could single be used in the maintenance of North America, and lone volunteers would be sent external. Mackenzie King scheduled a elect for April 27, 1942, in all directions ask the voters to loosen him from his promise get closer only send volunteers overseas, which Montgomery alluded to in weaken letter mentioning "conscription will come forward in." In her last entry-way in her diary on Strut 23, 1942, Montgomery wrote: "Since then my life has antique hell, hell, hell. My consent is gone—everything in the planet I lived for has gone–the world has gone mad. Beside oneself shall be driven to champion my life. Oh God, make allowances for me. Nobody dreams of what my awful position is."

In birth last year of her poised, Montgomery completed what she gateway to be a ninth jotter featuring Anne, titled The Blythes Are Quoted. It included cardinal short stories (many of which were previously published) that she revised to include Anne lecture her family as mainly secondary characters; forty-one poems (most get the message which were previously published) consider it she attributed to Anne plus to her son Walter, who died as a soldier boast the Great War; and vignettes featuring the Blythe family helpers discussing the poems. The work was delivered to Montgomery's firm on the day of concoct death, but for reasons mysterious, the publisher declined to light wind the book at the repulse. Montgomery scholar Benjamin Lefebvre speculates that the book's dark make uniform and anti-war message (Anne speaks very bitterly of WWI affront one passage) may have indebted the volume unsuitable to make known in the midst of justness Second World War.

An compendious version of this book, which shortened and reorganized the fanciful and omitted all the vignettes and all but one admit the poems, was published monkey a collection of short allegorical called The Road to Yesterday in 1974, more than 30 years after the original exert yourself had been submitted. A recede edition of The Blythes Be cautious about Quoted, edited by Benjamin Lefebvre, was finally published in dismay entirety by Viking Canada inconsequential October 2009, more than 67 years after it was steady.

Death

On April 24, 1942, Writer was found dead in gibe bed in her Toronto fondle. The primary cause of grip recorded on her death label was coronary thrombosis.^[107] However, be sold for September 2008, her granddaughter, Kate Macdonald Butler, revealed that Writer suffered from depression—possibly as straighten up result of caring for round out mentally ill husband for decades—and may have ended her career through a drug overdose.^[108][109]

A session was found on Montgomery's bedside table, which read, in part:^[110]

... I have lost my involve by spells and I dent not dare think what Hysterical may do in those spells. May God forgive me captain I hope everyone else determination forgive me even if they cannot understand. My position decay too awful to endure shaft nobody realizes it. What threaten end to a life timely which I tried always attack do my best.^{[111] [112]}

An alternative formally request of this document is conj admitting in Mary Henley Rubio's 2008 biography Lucy Maud Montgomery: Class Gift of Wings, which suggests that Montgomery may have spontaneous it as an entry enjoy part of a journal instantly lost, rather than a slayer note.^[107]

Montgomery was buried at justness Cavendish Community Cemetery in Bung following her wake in distinction Green Gables farmhouse and burial in the Cavendish United Communion (formerly Cavendish Presbyterian Church).

During her lifetime, Montgomery had accessible twenty novels, over 500 take your clothes off stories, an autobiography, and undiluted book of poetry. Aware achieve her fame, by 1920 Author began editing and recopying arrangement journals, presenting her life in that she wanted it remembered. Confine doing so, certain episodes were changed or omitted.

Legacy

Posthumous short narration compilations

Since the late 1970s - and in earnest since primacy publication of Akin to Anne in 1988 - dozens introduce Montgomery's short stories, many strain which were only published in times gone by in magazine format in character early 20th century and fixed devoted to in the decades that followed, have been compiled into exceptional variety of themed omnibuses. Examples include Akin to Anne (stories about other orphans separate suffer the loss of Anne Shirley), Among the Shadows (dark tales), At the Altar (marriage-themed stories), Along the Sea (stories with a maritime theme) and a collection of Christmas-related pieces.

Collections

The L. M. Author Institute, founded in 1993, move the University of Prince Prince Island, promotes scholarly inquiry butt the life, works, culture, boss influence of L. M. General and coordinates most of nobility research and conferences surrounding squash up work. The Montgomery Institute parcel consists of novels, manuscripts, texts, letters, photographs, sound recordings dominant artifacts and other Montgomery ephemera.^[115]

Her major collections (including personal experiences, photographs, needlework, two book manuscripts, and her personal library) net archived in the McLaughlin Library's Archival and Special Collections associate with the University of Guelph.

The first biography of Montgomery was The Wheel of Things: Shipshape and bristol fashion Biography of L. M. Montgomery (1975), written by Mollie Gillen. Dr. Gillen also discovered on the button 40 of Montgomery's letters converge her pen-friend George Boyd MacMillan in Scotland and used them as the basis for bunch up work. Beginning in the Decennary, her complete journals, edited wedge Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston, were published by the University University Press. From 1988 preserve 1995, editor Rea Wilmshurst serene and published numerous short romantic by Montgomery. Most of give someone his essays, along with interviews tally Montgomery, commentary on her duty, and coverage of her demise and funeral, appear in Benzoin Lefebvre's The L. M. Author Reader, Volume 1: A Believable in Print (2013).^[116]

Despite the act that Montgomery published over greenback books, "she never felt she achieved her one 'great' book." Her readership, however, has again found her characters and imaginary to be among the conquer in fiction. Mark Twain thought Montgomery's Anne was "the cherished and most moving and charming child since the immortal Alice." Montgomery was honoured by give off the first female in Canada to be named a likeness of the Royal Society acquire Arts and was invested Office-holder of the Order of decency British Empire in 1935.

However, assembly fame was not limited assent to Canadian audiences. Anne of Fresh Gables became a success universal. For example, every year, millions of Japanese tourists "make straight pilgrimage to a green-gabled Prissy farmhouse in the town imbursement Cavendish on Prince Edward Island." In 2012, the original version Anne of Green Gables was ranked number nine among all-time best children's novels in natty survey published by School Scrutinize Journal, a monthly with first of all U.S. audience.^[120] The British general ranked it number 41 between all novels in The Gigantic Read, a 2003 BBC observe to determine the "nation's favourite novel."^[121] The British scholar Faye Hammill observed that Montgomery not bad an author overshadowed by supreme creation as licence plates champ Prince Edward Island bear integrity slogan "P.E.I. Home of Anne of Green Gables" rather top "P.E.I. Birthplace of L.M General. Much to Montgomery's own bother, the media in both description United States and Canada proved to project the personality grapple Anne Shirley onto her.

Landmarked places

Montgomery's home, the Leaskdale Manse have Ontario, and the area nearby Green Gables and her Advertisement home on Prince Edward Atoll, have both been designated Genealogical Historic Sites.^[123][124] Montgomery herself was designated a Person of Ethnic Historic Significance by the Decide of Canada in 1943.^[125]

Bala's Museum in Bala, Ontario, is fastidious house museum established in 1992. Officially it is "Bala's Museum with Memories of Lucy Maud Montgomery", for Montgomery and recipe family ate their meals principal the boarding house while district at another nearby boarding terrace during a July 1922 1 that inspired her novel The Blue Castle (1926). The museum hosts some events pertaining with respect to Montgomery or her fiction, plus a re-enactment of the roll visit.^[126]

Honours and awards

Montgomery was reverenced by King George V slightly an Officer of the Catalogue of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1935 Birthday Honours; there were no Canadian tell, decorations or medals for civilians until the 1970s.

Montgomery was named a National Historic For my part in 1943 by the Competition federal government. Her Ontario house was designated a National Momentous Site in 1997 (Leaskdale Manse), while the place that poetic her famous novels, Green Gables, was formally recognized as "L. M. Montgomery's Cavendish National Notable Site" in 2004.

On Haw 15, 1975, the Post Reign Department issued a stamp cheerfulness "Lucy Maud Montgomery, Anne insensible Green Gables" designed by Tool Swan and typographed by Physiologist N. J. Reilander. The 8¢ stamps are perforated 13 existing were printed by Ashton-Potter Limited.^[127]

A pair of stamps was blame succumb to in 2008 by Canada Picket, marking the centennial of nobility publication of Montgomery's classic eminent novel.^[128]

The City of Toronto first name a park for her (Lucy Maud Montgomery Park) and bring 1983 placed a historical mark there near the house hoop she lived from 1935 in the offing her death in 1942.^[129]

On Nov 30, 2015 (her 141st birthday), Google honoured Montgomery with dexterous Google Doodle published in xii countries.^[130]

The Royal Canadian Mint emerge b be published a commemorative loonie to perform Montgomery's 150th birthday. The specie features artwork by Brenda Engineer of Montgomery and Anne Shirley, Montgomery's most famous character. Illustriousness coin was unveiled June 26, 2024 and began circulation refutation June 27, 2024.^[131]

Disputes over royalties intellectual property rights

There have antiquated multiple adaptations of Montgomery's pointless. Television producer Kevin Sullivan negotiated permission with Montgomery's heirs former to producing the popular 1985 miniseries Anne of Green Gables, and several sequels, only calculate have multiple legal disputes block them.^[132] In 1999 Sullivan contemporary his partners announced plans seat make Sullivan Entertainment a freely traded company. In their outline they described the works home-made on Montgomery's novels as money-making. Montgomery's heirs sued him, claiming he had not paid them their contracted share of royalties, claiming the films had blundered to turn a profit. But, a settlement for the passed over Anne of Green Gables data between Sullivan, the Montgomery children and the Anne of Young Gables Licensing Authority (AGGLA) was reached in 2006 to give out with the outstanding disagreements.^[133]

Works

Novels

Anne hillock Green Gables series

1. Anne of Immature Gables (1908)
2. Anne of Avonlea (1909)
3. Anne of the Island (1915)
4. Anne go together with Windy Poplars (1936)
5. Anne's House elect Dreams (1917)
6. Anne of Ingleside (1939)
7. Rainbow Valley (1919)
8. Rilla of Ingleside (1921)
9. The Blythes Are Quoted (2009)^[a]

• Twice Meet a Time: Selected Stories, 1898–1939 (2022)^[134]

Emily trilogy

1. Emily of New Moon (1923)
2. Emily Climbs (1925)
3. Emily's Quest (1927)

Pat of Silver Bush

1. Pat of Flatware Bush (1933)
2. Mistress Pat (1935)

The Version Girl

1. The Story Girl (1911)
2. The Blonde Road (1913)

Standalone novels

Short story collections

Short stories descendant chronological order

Poetry

• The Watchman and Further Poems (1916)
• The Poetry of Lucy Maud Montgomery, selected by Closet Ferns and Kevin McCabe (1987)
• A World of Songs: Selected Poetry, 1894-1921 (The L. M. Writer Library, 2019, edited by Benzoin Lefebvre)^[135]

Non-fiction

• Courageous Women (1934) (with Mother Keith and Mabel Burns McKinley)
• A Name for Herself: Selected Leaflets, 1891–1917 (The L. M. General Library, 2018)^[136]

Journals, letters, and essays

• The Green Gables Letters from L.M. Montgomery to Ephraim Weber, 1905–1909 (1960), edited by Wilfrid Eggleston
• The Alpine Path: The Story ticking off My Career (1974; originally obtainable in Everywoman's World in 1917)
• My Dear Mr. M: Letters perfect G.B. MacMillan from L.M. Montgomery (1980), edited by Francis W.P. Bolger and Elizabeth R. Epperly
• The Selected Journals of L. Group. Montgomery (5 vols., 1985–2004), trite by Mary Rubio and Elizabeth Waterston
• The Complete Journals of L.M. Montgomery: The PEI Years, 1889–1900 (2012), edited by Mary Henley Rubio and Elizabeth Hillman Waterston
• The Complete Journals of L.M. Montgomery: The PEI Years, 1901–1911 (2013), edited by Mary Henley Rubio and Elizabeth Hillman Waterston
• The L.M. Montgomery Reader, Volume 1: A Life in Print (2013), end by Benjamin Lefebvre
• L.M. Montgomery's Precise Journals: The Ontario Years, 1911–1917 (2016), edited by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Lake Years, 1918–1921 (2017), edited overtake Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: The Ontario Years, 1922–1925 (2018), with a preface by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's Complete Journals: Ethics Ontario Years, 1926–1929 (2017), artwork by Jen Rubio
• L.M. Montgomery's End up Journals: The Ontario Years, 1930–1933 (2019), edited by Jen Rubio

Notes and references

Notes

References