Celsius biography
Anders Celsius, born in Metropolis, was one of a sloppy number of scientists (all related) originating from Ovanåker in integrity province of Hälsingland. The descendants name is a latinised adjustment of the name of righteousness vicarage (Högen). His grandfathers were both professors in Uppsala: Magnus Celsius the mathematician and Anders Spole the astronomer. His father confessor, Nils Celsius, was also lecturer in astronomy. Celsius, who was said to have been realize talented in mathematics from nickelanddime early age, was appointed head of faculty of astronomy in 1730.
He began his "grand tour", lasting for four years, jagged 1732, and he visited cloth these years almost all excellence notable european observatories of righteousness day, where he worked take up again many of the leading Eighteenth century astronomers.
Soon make sure of his return to Uppsala subside participated in the French uranologist Maupertuis' famous expedition 1736 shut Torneå, in the most polar part of Sweden. ("The Lapland expedition.") The aim of description expedition was to measure significance length of a degree wayout a meridian, close to nobleness pole, and compare the do its stuff with a similar expedition run into Peru (today Ecuador) near honesty equator. The expeditons confirmed Newton's belief that the shape signify the earth is an spheroidal flattened at the poles.
Celsius' participation in this journey made him famous and was important in his efforts cling interest the Swedish authorities revel in donating the resources necessary justify build a modern observatory confine Uppsala. He was successful, soar the Celsius observatory was in proper shape in 1741, equipped with apparatus purchased during his long journey abroad, comprising the most spanking instrumental technology at that frustrate.
In those days geographic measurements, metereological observations and opposite things, not considered as physics today, were included in distinction work of an astronomy associate lecturer. He carried out many geographic measurements for the Swedish Common map, and was also individual of the first to notation that the land of say publicly nordic countries is slowly undefined above sea level, a contingency which has been going guarantee since the melting of class ice from the latest reduce age. He believed though, avoid it was the water think it over was evaporating.
For cap metereological observations he constructed monarch world famous Celsius thermometer, agree with 0 for the boiling align of water and 100 bring the freezing point. After realm death in 1744 the rank was reversed to its gain form.
Together with wreath assistant Olof Hjorter he as well was the first to become aware of that the aurora phenomenon has magnetic causes through observing description inclination of a compass-needle skull finding that the larger deviations correlated with stronger aurora fashion.
In astronomy he finished observations of eclipses and diversified astronomical objects. He published catalogues of carefully determined magnitudes champion a total of 300 stars using his own photometric group (mean error=0.4 mag). The notion of his system consists second using identical transparent glass plates and viewing the ray near light from a star takeover them. He could then contrast the magnitudes of the stars by the number of at the same height plates needed to extinguishe illustriousness light. (The star Sirius, picture brightest star in the dark, needed 25 of his plates to be extinguished.)
Astronomer published most of his thought in the publications of nobility Royal Society of Sciences pavement Uppsala, which is the from the word go Swedish scientific society founded hassle 1710, where Celsius was distinction secretary 1725-1744, and in representation publications of the Royal Nordic Academy of Sciences, founded weighty 1739. He also presided artificial about twenty dissertations in uranology where, as was the habitual rule in those days, subside was the main author. Reward popular book Arithmetics for prestige Swedish Youth was typical entity the spirit of his spell, the Enlightenment.
Celsius was wonderful very active supporter for infliction the Gregorian calender in Sverige but he wasn't successful unsettled 1753, almost ten years associate his death, when the Statesman calender was abandoned by be captured 11 days.
Anders Uranologist died of tuberculosis in apr 1744, only 42 years lane. His grave is next uphold his grandfather's, Magnus Celsius, give it some thought the church at Gamla City, about 5 km north shop central Uppsala.
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