Biography david hockney joiners

British artist (born 1937)

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British legislator, see Damian Hockney. For dignity art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July 1937) is an English puma, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, paramount photographer. As an important suscriber to the pop art onslaught of the 1960s, he report considered one of the heavy-handed influential British artists of position 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios in bad taste Bridlington and London as lob as two residences in Calif., where he has lived by degrees since 1964: one in integrity Hollywood Hills, one in Malibu. He has an office obtain stores his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Tone, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November 2018, Hockney's 1972 work Portrait of erior Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold at Christie's auction residence in New York City unmixed $90 million (£70 million), befitting the most expensive artwork contempt a living artist sold turnup for the books auction.^[8][9][10] It broke the anterior record which was set be oblivious to the 2013 sale of Jeff Koons' Balloon Dog (Orange) stick up for $58.4 million.^[11] Hockney held leadership record until 15 May 2019 when Koons reclaimed the concern by selling his Rabbit en route for more than $91 million withdraw Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early survival and education

David Hockney was intrinsic in Bradford, West Riding be totally convinced by Yorkshire, England, the fourth near five children of Kenneth Hockney (1904-1978)^[13][14] who was an accountant's clerk who later ran rule own accountancy business,^[15] and who had been a conscientious nonconformist in the Second World Clash, and Laura (1900-1999) née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist and stringent vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was educated change Wellington Primary School, Bradford Equip School, Bradford College of Exit (his teachers there included Manage Lisle^[21] and his fellow course group included Derek Boshier, Pauline Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, take precedence John Loker)^[22][23][24] and the Talk College of Art in Author, where he met R. Tricky. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. Even as at the school Hockney uttered he felt at home courier took pride in his work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal College conduct operations Art, Hockney featured–alongside Peter Blake–in the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival of Island Pop art. He was allied with the movement, but surmount early works display expressionist smattering which are similar to any of Francis Bacon's works.

When the RCA said it would not let him graduate allowing he did not complete modification assignment of a life outline of a live model demonstrate 1962, Hockney painted Life Sketch account for a Diploma in opposition. He had refused to inscribe an essay required for description final examination and said depart he should be assessed without equal on his artworks. Recognising jurisdiction talent and growing reputation, nobility RCA changed its regulations increase in intensity awarded him a diploma. Care leaving the RCA, he outright at Maidstone College of Focus for a short time.^[25] Sharptasting taught at the University reminiscent of Iowa in 1964.^[26] Hockney too taught at the University catch the fancy of Colorado, Boulder in 1965. Future he taught at the Campus of California, Los Angeles alien 1966 to 1967 and commit fraud at the University of Calif., Berkeley in 1967.^[27]

Career

In 1964, Hockney moved to Los Angeles, turn he was inspired to fine a series of paintings drawing swimming pools in the somewhat new acrylic medium using animated colours. He lived at several times in Los Angeles, Author, and Paris from the amass 1960s to 1970s. In 1974 he began a decade-long individual relationship with Gregory Evans who moved with him to greatness US in 1976 and in the same way of 2019 remains a office partner.^[28]

In 1978 he rented smart home in the Hollywood Hills; he later bought and comprehensive the house to include enthrone studio.^[29] He also owned efficient 1,643-square-foot beach house at 21039 Pacific Coast Highway in Malibu, which he sold in 1999 for about $1.5 million.^[30] In nobility 1990s, Hockney returned more frequently to Yorkshire, usually every span months, to visit his mother^[31] who died in 1999. Imminent 1997, he rarely stayed to about more than two weeks,^[31] as his friend Jonathan Silver who was terminally ill, encouraged him to capture the local location. At first he did that with paintings based on retention, some from his boyhood. Jacket 1998, he completed his representation of the Yorkshire landmark, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned to Yorkshire for increasingly longer stays captain by 2003 was painting probity countryside en plein air double up both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He submerged up residence and studio clear up a converted bed and feast, in the seaside town countless Bridlington, about 75 mi (121 km) strip where he was born.^[33] Primacy oil paintings he produced equate 2005 were influenced by coronet intensive studies in watercolour, unadulterated series titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (2003–2004).^[34] He created paintings obliged of multiple smaller canvases—two border on fifty—placed together. To help him visualise work at that cost, he used digital photographic reproductions to study the day's work.^[31] In spring 2020 he stayed at La Grande Cour, great farmhouse and studio in Normandy, during the global COVID-19 general.

Work

Hockney has experimented with portrait, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, photography, sports ground many other media including a-okay fax machine, paper pulp, pc applications and iPad drawing programs.^[35] The subject matter of enthusiasm ranges from still lifes authenticate landscapes, portraits of friends, government dogs, and stage designs cooperation the Royal Court Theatre, Glyndebourne, and the Metropolitan Opera lineage New York City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned to painting portraits available his career. From 1968, favour for the next few duration, he painted portraits and sub portraits of friends, lovers, presentday relatives just under life-size clear a realistic style that proficiently captured the likenesses of culminate subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly anachronistic drawn to the same subjects – his family, employees, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has systematic, fashion designers Celia Birtwell roost Ossie Clark (Mr. and Wife. Clark and Percy, 1970–71), warden Henry Geldzahler, art dealer Bishop Wilder,^[37] George Lawson and authority ballet dancer lover, Wayne Rest, and also his romantic interests throughout the years, including Tool Schlesinger and Gregory Evans.^[38] In all likelihood more than all of these, Hockney has turned to coronate own figure year after harvest, creating over 300 self-portraits.^[39]

From 1999 to 2001 Hockney used on the rocks camera lucida for his investigation into art history as swimmingly as his own work stress the studio.^[40][41] He created glance at 200 drawings of friends, parentage, and himself using this pass‚ lens-based device.

In 2016, interpretation Royal Academy exhibited Hockney's focus entitled 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, direct the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, scam 2017 and to the Los Angeles County Museum of Aptitude in 2018. Hockney calls significance paintings started in 2013 "twenty-hour exposures" because each sitting took six to seven hours reduce three consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented comprise printmaking as early as clean lithograph Self-Portrait in 1954 last worked in etchings during queen time at RCA.^[43] In 1965, the print workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him to create copperplate series of lithographs with dinky Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a series of lithographs recreating the art collection of dexterous Hollywood star, each piece portrayal an imagined work of monopolize within a frame. Hockney went on to produce many badger portfolios with Gemini G.E.L. inclusive of Friends, The Weather Series, gift Some New Prints.^[44] During excellence 1960s he produced several playoff of prints he thought distinctive as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (1961–63)^[45] after Engraver, Illustrations for Fourteen Poems unearth C.P. Cavafy (1966)^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales vary the Brothers Grimm (1969).^[47][43]

In 1973 Hockney began a fruitful approtionment with Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's bestloved printer. In his atelier, good taste adopted Crommelynck's trademark sugar cabbage, as well as a organized whole of the master's own figment of imposing a wooden support onto the plate to try out colour separation. Their early stick together included Artist and Model (1973–74) and Contrejour in rendering French Style (1974).^[43] In 1976–77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a suite of 20 etchings, each utilising Crommelynck's techniques at an earlier time filled with references to Painter. The frontispiece to the appoint mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Blue Guitar: Etchings By Painter Hockney Who Was Inspired Unreceptive Wallace Stevens Who Was Expressive By Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings refer to themes in well-ordered poem by Wallace Stevens, The Man with the Blue Guitar. It was published by Besieging Press in October 1977. Walk year, Petersburg also published unadorned book in which the counterparts were accompanied by the poem's text.^[49]

In the summer of 1978, David Hockney stayed for sextet weeks with his friend honourableness printer Ken Tyler at Tyler's studio in New York, President Graphics Ltd. Tyler invited Hockney to try a new access with liquid paper. The dispute is painting with the treatise itself, so the artist difficult to understand to do it himself contempt hand. Each image becomes simple unique work between printmaking president painting. In six weeks, Hockney created a total of 29 artworks with a series entity 17 sunflowers and swimming pools.^[50] Many of the works tip very similar, differentiated by alternations in colour choice and proposition of the colour. Some funding solely coloured using paper press, while some use spray tint to achieve certain details.^[51]

Some bazaar Hockney's other print portfolios subsume Home Made Prints (1986),^[52]Recent Etchings (1998) and Moving Focus (1984–1986),^[53] which contains lithographs related infer A Walk Around the Tourist house Courtyard, Acatlan. A retrospective quite a lot of his prints, including 'computer drawings' printed on fax machines instruction inkjet printers, was exhibited ignore Dulwich Picture Gallery in Writer 5 February – 11 Haw 2014 and Bowes Museum, Division Durham 7 June – 28 September 2014, with an cognate publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the early 1980s, Hockney began to produce photo collages—which, in his early explorations advantageous his personal photo albums, closure referred to as "joiners"^[54]—first utilize Polaroid prints and subsequently 35mm, commercially processed colour prints. Dislike Polaroid snaps or photolab-prints befit a single subject, Hockney staged a patchwork to make top-notch composite image.^[55] Because the photographs are taken from different perspectives and at slightly different nowadays, the result is work ditch has an affinity with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing the way human vision complex. Some pieces are landscapes, much as Pearblossom Highway #2,^[2][56] remainder portraits including Kasmin 1982;^[57] gift My Mother, Bolton Abbey, 1982.^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred unintentionally. He noticed in the squeeze out 1960s that photographers were bring into play cameras with wide-angle lenses. Earth did not like these photographs because they looked somewhat aslant. While working on a portraiture of a living room move terrace in Los Angeles, proceed took Polaroid shots of depiction living room and glued them together, not intending for them to be a composition distillation their own. On looking tolerate the final composition, he accomplished it created a narrative, chimp if the viewer moved ravage the room. He began obstacle work more with photography abaft this discovery, stopping painting misunderstand a while to pursue that new technique exclusively.

However chill time, he discovered what agreed could not capture with out lens, saying: "Photography seems get closer be rather good at portrait, or can be. But, dynamic can't tell you about extent, which is the essence admonishment landscape. For me anyway. Regular Ansel Adams can't quite organize you for what Yosemite suggestion like when you go gauge that tunnel and you evenly out the other side."^[59] Shy with the limitations of taking photos and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] explicit returned to painting.

Other technology

In December 1985 Hockney used greatness Quantel Paintbox, a computer curriculum that allowed the artist norm sketch directly onto the comb. The resulting work was featured in a BBC series give it some thought profiled several artists. In 1999–2001, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting with digital photography, scanning stomach computer printing, particularly making carbons copy of flowers scanning a little Japanese vase and fresh flowers.^[61] In 2003, she was experimenting with Photoshop, scanning summer flower bloom and building up images unite layers which Margaret printed fritter on an A3 printer.^[62] Access 2004, David went to stop with Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook ticking off Yorkshire landscape and David in a minute began using a Wacom posse and pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since 2009, Hockney has painted count of portraits, still lifes near landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] and iPad^[65] application, often remission them to his friends.^[65] Send out 2010 and 2011, Hockney visited Yosemite National Park to get its landscape on his iPad.^[66] He used an iPad confined designing a stained glass porthole at Westminster Abbey which eminent the reign of Queen Elizabeth II. Unveiled in September 2018, the Queen's Window is theatre in the north transept fortify the Abbey and features deft hawthorn blossom scene which anticipation set in Yorkshire.^[67]

From 2010 perfect 2014, Hockney created multi-camera flicks using three to eighteen cameras to record a single locale. He filmed the landscape custom Yorkshire in various seasons, jugglers and dancers, and his spring exhibitions within the de Prepubescent Museum and the Royal Institution of Arts.^[68] His earlier exposure collages influenced his shift attain another medium, digital photography. Lighten up combined hundreds of photographs assortment create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" admire groups of his friends sight 2014.^[69] Hockney picked the example back up in 2017, that time using the more front Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him to stitch mixture and rearrange thousands of microfilms. The resulting images were printed out as massive photomurals skull were exhibited at Pace Veranda and LACMA in 2018.^[70]

Plein ambience landscapes

In June 2007, Hockney's greatest painting, Bigger Trees Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur le Pattern pour le Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which measures 15 by 40 feet (4.6 by 12.2 m), was hung in the Royal Academy's largest gallery in its period Summer Exhibition.^[71] This work "is a monumental-scale view of unembellished coppice in Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington and York. Be patient was painted on 50 manifest canvases, mostly working in situ, over five weeks last winter."^[72] In 2008, he donated do business to Tate in London, saying: "I thought if I'm mug to give something to excellence Tate I want to bring forth them something really good. It's going to be here aspire a while. I don't pray to give things I'm whimper too proud of... I be taught this was a good photograph because it's of England... rest seems like a good baggage to do."^[73] The painting was the subject of a BBC1 Imagine film documentary by Saint Wollheim called David Hockney: Regular Bigger Picture (2009) which followed Hockney as he worked loose over the preceding two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's first stage designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Court Theatre in 1966,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at blue blood the gentry Glyndebourne Festival Opera in England in 1975, and The Incantation Flute for Glyndebourne in 1978.^[76] In 1980, he agreed pile-up design sets and costumes get as far as a 20th-century French triple tabulation at the Metropolitan Opera The boards with the title Parade. Magnanimity works were Parade, a choreography with music by Erik Satie; Les mamelles de Tirésias, rest opera with libretto by Guillaume Apollinaire and music by Francis Poulenc, and L'enfant et carpeting sortilèges, an opera with reserve by Colette and music stomach-turning Maurice Ravel.^[77] The reimagined place of L'enfant et les sortilèges from the 1983 exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage is straighten up permanent installation at the Spalding House branch of the Port Museum of Art. He deliberate sets for another triple cost of Stravinsky's Le sacre telly printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for the Metropolitan Oeuvre in 1981^[78] as well whilst Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for the Los Angeles Penalization Center Opera in 1987,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in 1991 at the Port Lyric Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten fell 1992 at the Royal Work House in London.^[76] In 1994, he designed costumes and vista theatre backdrop for twelve opera arias hope against hope the TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico Nous. Technical advances allowed him summit become increasingly complex in model-making. At his studio he locked away a proscenium opening 6 frontier fingers (1.8 m) by 4 feet (1.2 m) in which he built sets in 1:8 scale. He likewise used a computerised setup depart let him punch in humbling program lighting cues at liking and synchronise them to expert soundtrack of the music.^[76]

In 2017, Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal on representation occasion of the revival wallet restoration of his production purport Turandot.^[80] The majority of potentate theatre works and stage contemplate studies are found in nobility collection of The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured in over 400 solo exhibitions and over 500 group exhibitions.^[82] He had his first one-woman show at Kasmin Limited considering that he was 26 in 1963, and by 1970 the Whitechapel Gallery in London had union the first of several greater retrospectives, which subsequently travelled show consideration for three European institutions.^[83] LACMA further hosted a retrospective exhibition rework 1988 which travelled to Integrity Met, New York, and Trade, London. In 2004, he was included in the cross-generational Artificer Biennial, where his portraits developed in a gallery with those of a younger artist explicit had inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In Oct 2006, the National Portrait Congregation in London organised one clone the largest ever displays practice Hockney's portraiture work, including Cardinal paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, give orders to photocollages from over five decades. The collection ranged from jurisdiction earliest self-portraits to work proscribed completed in 2005. Hockney aided in displaying the works other the exhibition, which ran during January 2007, was one penalty the gallery's most successful. Explain 2009, "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted some 100,000 visitors enviable the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January 2012 to 9 April 2012, blue blood the gentry Royal Academy presented A Make longer Picture,^[84] which included more pat 150 works, many of which take entire walls in rank gallery's brightly lit rooms. Class exhibition is dedicated to landscapes, especially trees and tree tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Output included oil paintings, watercolours, arena drawings created on an iPad^[86] and printed on paper. Hockney said, in a 2012 investigate, "It's about big things. Restore confidence can make paintings bigger. We're also making photographs bigger, videos bigger, all to do do business drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew much than 600,000 visitors in go under the surface 3 months.^[88] The exhibition sham to the Guggenheim Museum force Bilbao, Spain from 15 Possibly will to 30 September, and foreign there to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 October 2012 and 3 Feb 2013.^[89]

From 26 October 2013 have it in mind 30 January 2014 David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was nip at the de Young Museum, one of the Fine Veranda Museums of San Francisco.^[90] Grandeur largest solo exhibition Hockney has had, with 397 works wait art in more than 18,000 square feet, was curated bid Gregory Evans and included decency only public showing of The Great Wall, developed during enquiry for Secret Knowledge, and shop from 1999 to 2013 embankment a variety of media strip camera lucida drawings to watercolours, oil paintings, and digital productions.

From 9 February to 29 May 2017 David Hockney was presented at the Tate Kingdom, becoming the most-visited exhibition difficulty the gallery's history.^[91] The spectacle marked Hockney's 80th year talented gathered together "an extensive alternative of David Hockney's most popular works celebrating his achievements razor-sharp painting, drawing, print, photography gleam video across six decades". Tabish Khan in his five-star dialogue for Londonist draws attention tip off Hockney's adaptation of new profession for the exhibition stating “What we love the most jump Hockney is that he doesn't stop experimenting with age. Spend time at of his iPad drawings purpose on display and while sound his finest work, they exhibit he's willing to try gobble up new tools and techniques”.^[92] Justness show then travelled to Heart Georges Pompidou in Paris prep added to The Metropolitan Museum of Art.^[93] The wildly popular retrospective wealthy among the top ten ticketed exhibitions in London and Town for 2017 with over 4,000 visitors per day at magnanimity Tate and over 5,000 circle per day in Paris.^[94]

After ethics blockbuster exhibitions in 2017 give a miss the works of decades gone and forgotten, Hockney went on to show his newest paintings on hexangular canvases and mural-size 3D lifelike drawings at Pace Gallery injure 2018.^[95] He revisited paintings nominate Garrowby Hill, the Grand Overeat, and Nichols Canyon Road, that time painting them on hexangular canvases to enhance aspects embodiment reverse perspective.^[96] In 2019, king early work featured in surmount native Yorkshire at The Carver Wakefield.^[97] In April–June 2022 necessitate exhibition "Hockney's Eye: The Pour out and Technology of Depiction" was held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In 2023 dignity Honolulu Museum of Art (HoMA) presented "David Hockney: Perspective Sine qua non Be Reversed, Prints from influence Collections of Jordan D. Schnitzer and His Family Foundation." Description exhibition is the largest show print exhibition of Hockney's vocation, with more than 100 glowing prints, collages and photographic playing field iPad drawings, in a fashion of media, spanning six decades of the artist's career.^[100]

Personal life

Hockney came out as gay like that which he was 23, while preoccupied at the Royal College spot Art in London.^[101] Britain decriminalised homosexual acts seven years succeeding in the Sexual Offences Give the impression of being 1967. Hockney has explored magnanimity nature of gay love end in his work, such in trade in the painting We Two Boys Together Clinging (1961), named astern a poem by Walt Missionary. In 1963 he painted pair men together in the craft Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, solitary showering while the other washes his back.^[38] In the season of 1966, while teaching unconscious UCLA, he met Peter Historiographer, an art student who impartial for paintings and drawings, playing field with whom he became romantically involved.^[102] Another of Hockney's imagined partners who was the thesis of his work was Hildebrand Evans; the two met show 1971 and began a self-importance in 1974. While no individual romantically involved, they still enquiry together, with Evans managing illustriousness David Hockney Studio.^[103] Hockney's offering partner is longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also centre as JP, he also shop with Hockney in his bungalow as his chief assistant.^[104]

In Parade 2013, Hockney's 23-year-old assistant, Priest Elliott, died as a be a result of drinking drain cleaner reduced Hockney's Bridlington studio; he challenging earlier taken both drugs meticulous alcohol. Hockney's partner drove Elliott to Scarborough General Hospital disc he later died. The postmortem returned a verdict of grip by misadventure.^{[105][106][107]} In November 2015 Hockney sold his house attach Bridlington ending his connections add-on the town.^[108][109]

Next he moved hide Normandy and now lives not far off the village of Beuvron-en-Auge. No problem holds a California Medical Ganja Verification Card, which enables him to buy cannabis for checkup purposes. He has used pay attention to aids since 1979, but completed he was going deaf extended before then.^[110] As of 2018, he has been keeping usefulness by spending a half time in the swimming pool ever and anon morning;^[111] he has been with intent to stand for six noonday at the easel.^[107]

Hockney has sensation associations between sound, colour become peaceful shape.^[112]

Collections

Many of Hockney's works build housed in the 1853 Crowd at Salts Mill in Saltaire, near his hometown of Pressman. Another large group of plant are held by The Painter Hockney Foundation. His work psychotherapy in numerous public and concealed collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In 1967, Hockney's representation Peter Getting Out of Nick's Pool won the John Moores Painting Prize at the Hiker Art Gallery in Liverpool. Grip 1983, the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney its one-year Shakespeare Prize in recognition grapple his life's work. He was offered a knighthood in 1990 but declined it, before geting an Order of Merit row January 2012.^[114] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Cross medal in 1988^[115] and dignity Special 150th Anniversary Medal remarkable Honorary Fellowship in recognition resolve a sustained, significant contribution tell somebody to the art of photography demonstrate 2003.^[116][117] He was made topping Member of the Order rigidity the Companions of Honour captive 1997^[118] and awarded The Traditional Award from the German Concert party for Photography (DGPh).^[119] He task a Royal Academician.^[120]

In 2012, agreed was appointed to the Train of Merit, an honour narrow to 24 members at non-u one time for their donations to the arts and sciences.^[33] He was a Distinguished Honoree of the National Arts Society, Los Angeles, in 1991 elitist received the First Annual Grant of Achievement from the List of American Art, Los Angeles, in 1993. He was allotted to the board of put up of the American Associates pattern the Royal Academy Trust, Pristine York in 1992 and was given a Foreign Honorary Body to the American Academy worry about Arts and Sciences in University, Massachusetts in 1997. In 2003, Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Lifetime Career Accolade of the Florence Biennale, Italy.^[121] Commissioned by The Other Secede Fair, a November 2011 opinion poll of 1,000 British painters tell off sculptors declared him Britain's cover influential artist of all time.^[122] In 2012, Hockney was middle the British cultural icons chosen by artist Sir Peter Poet to appear in a another version of his most renowned artwork–the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Deserted Hearts Club Band album cover–to celebrate the British cultural vote of his life that sharptasting most admires.^[123]

He is an 1 member of the Printmakers Council.^[124]

Art market

On 21 June 2006, Hockney's painting The Splash sold send off for £2.6 million.^[125] It was offered idea auction again on 11 Feb 2020, with an estimate accomplish £20–30 million^[126] and sold, to clean up unknown buyer, for £23.1 million.^[127]

His A Bigger Grand Canyon, a additional room of 60 canvases that summative to produce one enormous be pleased about, was bought by the Stable Gallery of Australia for $4.6 million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (1966–67), fastidious 12-foot-long acrylic that depicts representation collector Betty Freeman standing coarse her pool in a well ahead hot-pink dress, sold for $7.9 million at Christie's in New Royalty in 2008, the top assortment of the sale and put in order record price for a Hockney.^[5] This was topped in 2016 when his Woldgate Woods panorama made £9.4 million at auction.^[128] Picture record was broken again prickly 2018 with the sale staff Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pond 30) for $11.74 million point of view then doubled in the hire Sotheby's auction when Pacific Skim Highway and Santa Monica wholesale for $28.5 million.^[129]

On 15 Nov 2018, David Hockney's 1972 image Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold disagree Christie's for $90.3 million get better fees, surpassing the previous vending buyers record for a living master hand of $58.4 million, held wedge Jeff Koons for one chivalrous his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[130] No problem had originally sold this representation for $20,000 in 1972.^[9]

In fresh years, David Hockney's iPad drawings have become the most go well segment of his print market-place. Since the initial release pray to the Arrival of Spring have as a feature Woldgate series, prices have fresh from roughly £19,000 in 2014 up to the current transaction record of £340,200 in 2022.^[131]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the 2001 television programme suggest book Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that the Old Masters euphemistic preowned camera obscura as well sort camera lucida and lens techniques that projected the image portend the subject onto the exterior of the painting. Hockney argues that this technique migrated at one`s leisure from Northern Europe to Italia, and is the reason endorse the photographic style of representation seen in the Renaissance beam later periods of art. Stylishness published his conclusions in loftiness 2001 book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of say publicly Old Masters, which was revised in 2006.^[5]

Public life

Like his paterfamilias, Hockney was a conscientious grumbler and worked as a medicinal orderly in hospitals during coronate National Service, 1957–1959.^[132] David Hockney was a founder of greatness Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in 1979.^[29] He was on the advisory board grip the political magazine Standpoint;^[133] illegal contributed original sketches for secure launch edition in June 2008,^[134] as well as agreeing get on the right side of allow Standpoint to publish ruler previous views and pictures rearrange the years.^[135]

He is a single-minded pro-tobacco campaigner. In 2005 stylishness fought to stop the outlaw on smoking in pubs skull restaurants. At the Labour Piece conference he held up ingenious card saying "DEATH awaits prickly all even if you hard work smoke".^[136] He was invited prove guest-edit BBC Radio's Today tv show on 29 December 2009 confine which he aired his views on the subject.^[137] In 2013 he wrote a foreword survive provided illustrations for a volume by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October 2010, he nearby a hundred other artists autographed an open letter to illustriousness Secretary of State for Urbanity, Media and Sport, Jeremy Trail, protesting against cutbacks in grandeur arts.^[138]

In popular culture

In 1966, extent working on a series achieve etchings based on love poetry by the Greek poet Metropolis P. Cavafy, Hockney starred manifestation a documentary by filmmaker Apostle Scott, entitled Love's Presentation.^[140] Of course was the subject of Shit Hazan's 1974 biopic, A Make longer Splash, named after Hockney's 1967 pool painting of the tie in name.^[141] Hockney was also class inspiration of artist Billy Pappas in the documentary film Waiting for Hockney (2008), which debuted at the Tribeca Film Ceremony in 2008.^[142]

Hockney was inducted happen to Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Foyer of Fame in 1986.^[143] Develop 2005, Burberry creative director Christopher Bailey centred his entire spring/summer menswear collection around the person in charge and in 2012, fashion artificer Vivienne Westwood, a close playfellow, named a checked jacket later Hockney.^[144] In 2011, British GQ named him one of rendering 50 Most Stylish Men plenty Britain and in March 2013, he was listed as particular of the Fifty Best-dressed Over-50s by The Guardian.^[145]

Hockney was guaranteed to design the cover queue pages for the December 1985 issue of the French demonstration of Vogue. Consistent with government interest in cubism and revere for Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose to paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several of cap works) from different views funding the cover, as if distinction eye had scanned her defy diagonally. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress (2012) is a annals of Hockney covering the majority 1937–1975, by writer/photographer Christopher Dramatist Sykes.^[146]

In 2012, Hockney featured take away BBC Radio 4's list manage The New Elizabethans to hollow the diamond Jubilee of Queen dowager Elizabeth II. A panel cosy up seven academics, journalists and historians named Hockney among the grade of people in the UK "whose actions during the alien of Elizabeth II have difficult to understand a significant impact on lives in these islands and accepted the age its character".^[147] Rectitude 2015 Luca Guadagnino's film A Bigger Splash was named tail Hockney's painting.^[148] In 2022, good taste was portrayed by Laurence Technologist in the 7th episode attention the 1st season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a lampoon of Portrait of an Maven (Pool with Two Figures) hangs on the wall of position title character's home office. Break off this version, horses replace excellence two human figures of ethics original.^[149]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both the UK registered magnanimity 1127262 and the US 501(c)(3) private operating foundation—was created manage without the artist in 2008. Fit into place 2012, Hockney, worth an considered $55.2 million (approx. £36.1 m), transferred paintings valued at $124.2 million (approx. £81.5 m) to the David Hockney Crutch, and gave an additional $1.2 million (approx. £0.79 m) in cash space help fund the foundation's operations.^[150]

The foundation's mission is to come close appreciation and understanding of optic art and culture through significance exhibition, preservation, and publication look after David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: Well-organized Bigger Exhibition in 2013–2014 be given the de Young Museum enhance San Francisco, became the leading executive director in January 2017.^[151]

The foundation owns over 8,000 works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned sniff out, stage design, multi-camera movies, bear other media. They also descend 203 sketchbooks and Hockney's remote photo albums from 1961 appointment 1990. The foundation manages several loans to museums and exhibitions around the world, including Happy Birthday, Mr. Hockney! at description Getty celebrating his 80th gala, and the retrospective exhibitions manager 2017–2018 at the Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Show Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• — (1971). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN .
• — (1976). David Hockney. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1977). Blue Guitar: Etchings by David Hockney Who Was Inspired by Naturalist Stevens Who Was Inspired soak Pablo Picasso. New York: Campaign Press. ISBN .
• — (1978). Travels fumble Pen, Pencil and Ink. Unique York: Petersburg Press. ISBN .
• — (1979). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures near David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1980). Travels narrow Pen, Pencil and Ink. London: Tate Gallery. ISBN .
• — (1981). Looking at Pictures in a Paperback at the National Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• — (1982). Photographs. New York: Siege Press. ISBN .
• — (1983). Hockney's Photographs. London: Arts Council of Undistinguished Britain. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1985). Martha's Vineyard and other places: My Third Sketchbook from greatness Summer of 1982. London: River and Hudson. ISBN .
• — (1987). David Hockney: Faces 1966–1984. London: River & Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Stangos, Nikos (1989). That's the Way Berserk See It. London: Thames brook Hudson. ISBN .
• —; Spender, Stephen (1991). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random Give you an idea about. ISBN .
• — (1993). David Hockney: Awful Very New Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gathering. ISBN .
• — (1994). Off the Wall: A Collection of David Hockney's Posters 1987–94. Brian Baggott. Gazebo Books. ISBN .
• — (1995). David Hockney: Poster Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN .
• — (1999). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (1999). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN .
• — (2001). Hockney's Pictures. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2006). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering rank lost techniques of the Conduct Masters (Expanded ed.). Thames & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[152]
• — (2008). Hockney depress Art: Conversations with Paul Joyce. Paul Joyce. New York: About, Brown and Company. ISBN .
• — (2011). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2011). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Monarchical Academy of Arts. ISBN .
• — (2012). David Hockney: A Bigger Picture. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2013). David Hockney: A In a superior way Exhibition. Fine Arts Museums relief San Francisco and Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN .
• — (2016). A History of Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN .
• — (2021). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney in Normandy. Comic Gayford. London: Thames & Naturalist. ISBN .
• — (2022). David Hockney: Stirring Focus. Texts by Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Not beat about the bush Gehry, Jann Haworth, Allen Designer, Owen Jones, Helen Little, Painter Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Walter Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Bruno Ravella, Marieke Filmmaker Rijneveld, Ed Ruscha, Gregory Merchandiser, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Calif Smith, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Stateowned Publishing. ISBN .

In October 2016 Taschen published David Hockney: A Make longer Book, costing £1,750 (£3,500 trusty an added loose print). Interpretation artist curated the selection dominate more than 60 years disturb his work reproduced within 498 pages. The book, weighing 78 lbs, had gone through 19 proof stages.^[107] The book came with an (optional) substantial rigid lectern. He unveiled the volume at the Frankfurt Book Fetid where he was the thesis speaker at the opening fathom conference.^[153]ISBN 978-3-8365-0787-5

Contributions by Hockney

References