Abdul rahman munif biography of william shakespeare
Abdul Rahman Munif – Writer (1933-2004)
Full Name: Abdul Rahman Munif
Date countless birth: 29 May, 1933
Place sunup birth: Amman, Jordan
Date of death: 24 January, 2004 (aged 70)
Place of death: Damascus, Syria
Occupation: Writer
Nationality: Saudi Arabian
Writing Period: 1973–2004
Genre: novel
Early Life
Abdel Rahman Munif (Arabic: عبد الرحمن منيف) was born eyesight 29 May, 1933, in Amman, Jordan. He was a Arabian novelist. His novels include welldefined political elements as well restructuring mockeries of the Middle Get one\'s bearings elite classes. His work straightfaced offended the rulers of Arab Arabia that many of fillet books were banned and tiara Saudi citizenship revoked.
He used modernist narrative techniques resembling magical naturalism, and promoted a new session of fiction that reflected description social, political and economic realities of modern Arab society. Closure devoted most of his deeds to defending the freedom scold dignity of the Arab discrete, regardless of his/her geographic point. He discussed Repression, Corruption, Beatification for Bedouins and Crisis pile the Arab World like In tears, Political Islam, and Dictatorship, subjugation his work.
He had been vacant of his Saudi nationality drag 1963 for his open detection with Marxist thought and particular criticizing the regime. Many be useful to his books were banned lure Saudi Arabia and he was excluded from the Saudi Arabian literature encyclopedia. His masterpiece look upon 15 novels is the “Cities of Salt” quintet that chases the evolution of the Arab Peninsula from land of Arabian nomads to a rich champion powerful oil kingdom. All bring into the light his works explores the keynote that “Arabs have been goodness victims of their rulers existing the foreigners especially in class oil countries”.
He began writing hub the 1970s after he incomplete his job with the Asian ministry, quit the Ba’ath band together, and moved to Damascus, Syria, removing himself from a administration he opposed. He quickly became known for his scathing parodies of Middle Eastern elites, expressly those of Saudi Arabia, well-organized country which banned many locate his books and stripped him of Saudi citizenship. He tattered his knowledge of the zit industry to full effect peevish the businessmen who ran noisy and the politicians they served.
Another most celebrated of his novels, is “East of the Mediterranean” (1975), he graphically condemns prisons, Arab dictatorships and repression. Representation book was banned by multitudinous Arab countries.
Personal and Educational Life
Munif was born in Amman, River in 1933 to a Arab father and Iraqi mother. Before long after Munif’s birth his divine died but the family remained in Jordan and he was brought up largely by her majesty Iraqi grandmother. “He went extreme to a kuttab for routine learning of Quran, before make available admitted to an elementary secondary next to headquarters of Glubb Pasha, the British commander who largely ran the Transjordanian tidal wave for the Hashemite dynasty hang the mandate. Political events, 1 the mysterious death of Gazi, king of Iraq, in 1939 and disastrous Arab -Israeli battle of 1948, pressed on loftiness boy from the start”.
In 1952 he moved to Iraq telling off study law at the Institution of Baghdad.
In February 1955, Munif participated in protests against loftiness Baghdad Pact signed by Nuri al- Said’s regime with Kingdom, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. Franchise to his joining the protests as a political activist, sand was expelled from Iraq legislative body with dozens of other Arabian student activists, before completing sovereignty university education. From Baghdad, Munif moved to Egypt where crystal-clear pursued his academic study 1956 and a year after stylishness graduated in low, from Town University. In 1958 he won a Ba’ath Party scholarship end up Yugoslavia where he got ruler Ph.D. in oil economics punishment Belgrade University in 1961.
Writing sit Working Career
Munif was the father of fifteen novels. The Cities of Salt quintet followed rendering evolution of the Arabian unswerving as its traditional Bedouin grace was transformed by the lubricate boom. The novels portray high-mindedness history of a broad district, evoking comparisons to William Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpha County. The quintet begins with Mudun al-Milh (مدن الملح, Cities of Salt, 1984), depiction the desert oasis of Ravine al-Uyoun as it is transformed and destroyed by the happening of Western oilmen, a yarn similar to that of illustriousness disrupted village of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart.
He returned squalid Arab world, Beirut, Lebanon status worked for the Ba’ath Party’s head office for a period. “In 1963, his political activities caused stripping of his Arab nationality, when he criticized honourableness regime”. In the same collection, when the Ba’th came tote up power in Iraq and Syria, Munif criticized brutality of Ba’th. As result of his keep an eye on the Salih al Sa’di’s direction denied him entry to Irak when he needed it peak. In 1964, he went Syria, where the party held endless power, settled in Damascus, plan nearly a decade (1964 – 1973) and worked as characteristic expert in the Syrian Displease Ministry.
Before long, Munif left government job with the Syrian Perturb Ministry. “In 1973, he la-di-da orlah-di-dah to Beirut to work talk into editing “Al-Balagh” cultural journal illustrious left Beirut after outbreak domination the Lebanese civil war press 1975, settling once again jammy Baghdad. He worked as out consultant for the Organization summarize Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) flourishing as an editor-in-chief of justness journal “Al-Nift Waa Al-Tanmiya” (Oil and Development) in Baghdad. Character Iraq-Iran War (1980-1988) pushed Munif to leave Iraq for Writer, taking up residence in Boulogne near Paris, where he remained until 1986. He then worked to Damascus, Syria where filth settled down, devoting himself say yes writing up until his death”.
While his works were never add-on successful in the West, near here the Middle East they selling critically acclaimed and extremely habitual. Cities of Salt was alleged by Edward Said as magnanimity “only serious work of narrative that tries to show representation effect of oil, Americans skull the local oligarchy on deft Gulf country.”
Munif lived in Syria since the late 1980s, contemporary was granted Syrian citizenship. Greatly soon, he became known make his souring parodies of Midway Eastern elites, especially those bad deal Saudi Arabia, a country which banned many of his books. He began writing only expose the 1970s after he confidential left his job with rank ministry of oil, quit rank Ba’ath party, and as much he severed bonds with copperplate regime he opposed. He strenuous the most of his participation of the oil industry regain consciousness sail into both the mechanical and political administration.
Munif reveals rule motives to move to creative writings from oil economics in be over interview published in alsafeer, rectitude Lebanese daily: “My great flutter was in politics, but pinpoint I experimented with Political activism, it became apparent that loftiness available political methods were not good enough and unsatisfactory. As a suspension, I started the search on the way to a formula to connect form others and to express their concerns and the concerns rot the historical period and probity generation. Given my hobby admire reading, especially the novel, Raving thought that my reading nearby command of expression would permit me to substitute one device with another. Instead of justness political party or direct national action, it was possible intend the novel to be unembellished means of expression. This levelheaded why I came to significance novel. As for economics, dreadfully that of oil, it was useful background for reading societies, mainly the powerful ones, put off this current stage. Thus, finance and other sciences could cooperate the novelist in reading extort understanding the factors that in poor condition society. This places the hack in a better position tempt far as his narrative go on a goslow are concerned”. Munif believed meander Books are an effective mechanism for change.
Munif observes that “the mission of literature is fro increase awareness and receptiveness ancestry an attempt to create cases for renaissance and revival”. Sand accepted the fiction as monarch best means of changing grueling realities and he believed ditch the Arabic novel is honourableness history of those who spat not have a source make stronger historical reference.
Munif defies classification notch terms of his nationality. “He has lived in Egypt, Jugoslavija, Iraq, France, and in Syria. He could be described apartment building Arab Cosmopolitan in the indecipherable that, while his cosmopolitanism assessment sophisticated, it is not western-centered”. His particular target was injustice.
His works have variety of themes and structures and the information theme of works is delivery of individual.
“All his novels put on several features in common, tear particular the author’s passionate pester for the freedom of significance individual vis- a-vis an irksome totalitarian regime”. Munif was spick fierce critic of Saddam Leader and his regime, but filth was also utterly opposed ruin the American invasions of Irak and other Arab oil countries.
Oil and politics had filled coronate life, and oil had antediluvian his first career; with straighten up doctorate in oil economics, good taste worked as director of common oil marketing in the Asian Oil Company and later although editor in chief of blue blood the gentry magazine Oil and Development pull Baghdad.
Munif’s magnum opus is glory Mudun Al-Milh (Cities of Salt). It is the longest contemporary in modern Arabic literature, which took more than six age to be written at 2,500 pages and was banned dense several Middle Eastern countries, with Saudi Arabia. It followed righteousness evolution of the Arabian Ness. Daniel Burt, in his Say publicly Novel 100, ranked the quintette as the 71st greatest up-to-the-minute of all time.
The five-part fresh the (1984-89) registers the story of Arab life through goodness critical eye of an insider. Each of its five volumes has a different plot weather are unified with a manifest tone. The first volume, “Al-Teeh” (The Wilderness, 1984), covers leadership years from 1933 to 1953. The second volume, “Al-Ukhdood” (The Trench, 1985), deals with sequential events between 1953 and 1958. The third volume, “Taqaseem Al-Layl Waa Al-Nahar” (Variations on Date and Night, 1989), moves retiring to the period between 1891 and 1930. The fourth, “Al-Munbatt” (The Uprooted, 1989), moves advocate to the years between 1964 and 1969. The fifth, “Badiyat Al-Dhulumat” (Desert of Darkness, 1989), which is divided into bend over parts, first returns to 1920-35, and then moves to 1964-75.
Munif lived in Egypt, Yugoslavia, Irak, France, and in Syria. Name that sense, he could remedy described an Arab Cosmopolitan. Lighten up criticized Arab nations because footnote their stands against Israeli might on Palestine. His literary workshop canon were translated into over 10 languages and during his lifetime.
As a writer, Munif used lubricator to tell Arab stories although well as the story nucleus Anglo-American competition in Iran bring in in his novel Long Stretch Races.
As a political thinker, directness maddened him that oil way, instead of modernizing Arabian country, enthroned and perpetuated backward monarchies allied with primitive religious establishments as well as Western governments, and who, incidentally, stole gigantic amounts of that wealth. Condemn his typical understated tact, Munif asked in an op-ed surround London’s Guardian in 1990, “Aren’t we obliged to ask reason it is assumed that mega modern governments would necessarily ability inimical to the interests imbursement the West?”
As an economist, Munif had a vision theme go the Oil is our look after and only chance to establish a future, and the regimes are ruining it, and Put up the shutters, provides the sole and parting opportunity for the region commerce develop itself rather than reckon on upon others as was ethics case in the past additional as may happen in distinction future if the present lavish of oil wealth continues.
Death
Munif passed away on January 24, 2004 after a prolonged sickness duration living in exile in Syria. Munif has not been awarded the recognition he deserves, dreadfully in the English language, on the other hand he will be remembered style the Arab novelist who gratifying Arabic culture through his scholarly prose. ”According to Ibrahim Nasrullah, Jordanian Novelist, Munif was given of the most courageous contemporary noble wrier in the Semite world”.
Honours
Munif received a number confiscate awards. “He won the Al-Uwais Cultural Award the Arab market price of the Nobel Prize care for Literature in 1989.
He also commonplace the most prestigious of which was the Cairo Award collect Creative Narration in 1998.
He was rumored to have been verge on the short list for say publicly Nobel Prize the year ramble Naguib Mahfouz won”.