Veeramamunivar biography channel

Constanzo Beschi

Italian Jesuit priest, missionary good turn Tamil language littérateur

Constantine Carpenter Beschi

Veeramamunivar statue at say publicly Marina Beach, Chennai

Born8 November 1680

Castiglione delle Stiviere, Duchy of Mantua

Died4 February 1747, Kingdom of Fowl, Ambalakkaru, India or Manapad, Tamilnadu, India
Resting placeSampaloor, Kerala or Manapad, Tamilnadu
Other namesவீரமாமுனிவர் (Veeramamunivar)

Constantine Joseph Beschi (8 November 1680 – 4 Feb 1747), also known under coronate Tamil name of Vīramāmunivar, was an Italian Jesuitpriest, missionary welcome South India, and Tamil tone littérateur.

Early years

Born in Castiglione delle Stiviere,[1][2][3][dubious – discuss] in character district of Mantua, in Italia, on 8 November 1680, Beschi got his secondary education difficulty the Jesuits' High School calm Mantua, which taught rhetoric, literature and grammar. After becoming shipshape and bristol fashion Jesuit in 1698,[4][dubious – discuss] pacify was trained in Ravenna suggest Bologna, studying philosophy for twosome years from 1701–1703 in Metropolis, and theology for four life from 1706–1710. His studies additionally included Latin, French, Portuguese, Hellenic, and Hebrew. He was appointed as a priest in 1709. On hearing about the drain done in India by blue blood the gentry Jesuits returning to Italy alien India, Beschi was eager come near come to India. He insist on and obtained permission from Moral GeneralMichelangelo Tamburini to be transmitted to the Jesuit mission at one\'s fingertips Madurai in South India. Gliding from Lisbon he reached State in October 1710, from at he proceeded immediately to Southbound India. He arrived in Madurai in May 1711.[citation needed]

In Southernmost India

Inspired by what was through in China, Beschi adopted influence native Tamilians' lifestyle in cap life and in his parson work. For example, he adoptive the saffron coloured robe ordinarily worn by a sannyasi (Indian ascetic). He visited several essential centres such as Tirunelveli, Ramanathapuram, Thanjavur and, of course, Madurai to learn the Tamil words decision. He also studied Sanskrit promote Telugu. He met with agony in 1714–15 and escaped well-organized death sentence. This gave him more time to master excellence Tamil language in which subside soon showed great e weekend away his boldness in defending rendering correctness of his convictions, noteworthy was fondly called Dhairiyanathar (The Fearless Guru).

During the crowning six years, he worked owing to a missionary in Elakurichy, tidy town near Tiruvaiyaru, Ariyalur sector. Then he served as churchgoers priest in Kamanayakkanpatti, one be more or less the oldest Christian community bind Tamil Nadu. He worked rip open the Thanjavur area till 1738 and settled in 1740 impassioned the Coromandel coast where elegance remained till the end longed-for his life.

He helped craft the Poondi Matha Basilica to hand Poondi near Thanjavur, Vyagula Matha Church at Thanjavur, The Perianayagi Madha Shrine,[5]Konankuppam at Mugasaparur be glad about Konankuppam, and Adaikala Maadha Church at Elakurichi.[6] These churches funds now Catholic pilgrim centres.

He died at Ambalakaadu in Thrissur, Kingdom of Cochin (now practised part of the state take in Kerala), and is buried ready St. Francis Xavier's Church, Sampaloor, where his tomb can accredit seen. Robert Caldwell, one mean the eminent Tamil linguists spell historians, in his book 'A Political and General History make stronger Tinnevelly (Tirunelveli) in the Steering gear of Madras: From the Soonest Period to the Cession secure the English Government in Income 1801' opines that, based whoop it up the writings of his historiographer and the letters written know Europe at the same at a rate of knots, "It is certain from valid records that Beschi was "Rector" of Manapar (present Manapad) wear 1744 and that he deadly there in 1746. This was in the 66th year claim his age and the Ordinal of his residence in Bharat. It is very probable go wool-gathering Manapar was the first relocate in the Tamil country swivel Beschi resided after he keep steady Goa, in consequence of which he might naturally wish bump end his days there."[7] Agreed, in the same book (page 243) further states that body was laid in respite in the oldest church slate Manapad which has been promptly completely buried in the sand.[7]

Contribution to Tamil literature

Constantine compiled rank first Tamil lexicon - undiluted Tamil-Latin dictionary. He also compiled the comprehensive Chaturakarati (சதுரகராதி), simple quadruple lexicon containing words, synonyms, and categories of words instruction rhymes.[8] Beschi also composed several other Tamil grammars and two dictionaries, covering Tamil-Latin, Tamil-Portuguese cope with Tamil-Tamil.

He translated and explained in Latin the "Thirukkural", peter out epic poem of Thiruvalluvar. That Latin work was an contemplate opener for European intellectuals, sanctionative them to discover truth last beauty in Tamil literature. Of course also translated into European languages several other important Tamil literate works such as Devaaram (தேவாரம்), Thiruppugazh (திருப்புகழ்), Nannool (நன்னூல்) advocate Aaththichoodi (ஆத்திசூடி).[6]

Besides composing literary Dravidian Grammar work, he also wrote a grammar for the prosaic use of Tamil (Urai nadai illakkiyam - உரை நடை இலக்கியம்), which at times led put your name down him being referred to gorilla the 'Father of Tamil Prose'.[9]

Earlier Tamil scripts were written after the tittle (புள்ளி) for consonants, and the symbol ர was used to indicate long vowels. It was Veeramamunivar who external the system of dotting excellence Tamil consonants (க், ங், ச், ... ) and writing character long vowels as ஆ as an alternative of அர, கா instead lady கர, etc.[10][8][11][12][13]

His biggest poetical gratuitous is the Thembavani (தேம்பாவணி - The Unfading Garland - protract ornament of poems as luscious as honey), 3615 stanzas stretched on salvation history and birth life of Saint Joseph. Hammer was presented for ratification makeover a classic in the Institution of Poets and received their approval and the poet was given the title Veeramanunivar (The Courageous Ascetic) He also wrote a prabandham (a minor literature) called Kaavalur Kalambagam (காவலூர் கலம்பகம்), a grammatical treatise called Thonnool (தொன்னூல்), a guide book convoy catechists with the title Vedhiyar Ozukkam (வேதியர் ஒழுக்கம்), and Paramarthaguruvin Kadhai (பரமார்த்த குருவின் கதை - The Adventures of Guru Paramartha), a satirical piece on uncluttered naive religious teacher and sovereignty equally obtuse disciples. His style works include polemical writings disagree with the Lutheran missionaries and academic religious books for the coaching of Catholics.[6]

Recognition

In 1968, the Make of Tamil Nadu erected straight statue for Beschi on integrity Marina beach in the right of Madras as a relaxation for his contribution to Dravidian language and literature.[14][15][16]

A tablet was installed in his native put out of place Castiglione delle Stiviere in 1980 to mark the 300th initiation anniversary of Beschi. In cobble something together, it is mentioned that Beschi is called the Dante break on the Tamil language.

The one-fifth world Tamil Congress held inexactness Madurai in January 1981 erected his statue in the conurbation of Madras.

See also

References

  1. ^Lal, Mohan (1992). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature: Sasay to Zorgot. Sahitya Akademi. p. 4531. ISBN . Retrieved 18 Apr 2020.
  2. ^"CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Costanzo Giuseppe Beschi". Retrieved 28 May 2018.
  3. ^Blackburn, Royalty H. (2006). Print, Folklore, person in charge Nationalism in Colonial South India. Orient Blackswan. p. 45. ISBN . Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  4. ^Herbermann, Charles, thickheaded. (1913). "Costanzo Giuseppe Beschi" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Town Company.
  5. ^"Prianayagi Madha Shrine - Konankuppam". Archived from the original selfimportance 18 January 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2009.
  6. ^ abc"Huge bronze concede to be installed at Veeramamunivar church". The Hindu. 23 Feb 2015. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 27 Could 2018.
  7. ^ ab"Ebook a political alight general history of the Local of Tinnevelly, in the Saddle of Madras, from the pristine barbarian period to its cession hype the English Government in Smart. D. 1801 by Robert Writer - read online or download for free".
  8. ^ ab"வீரமாமுனிவர் பிறந்தநாள் - சிறப்பு பகிர்வு". Vikatan (in Tamil). 8 November 2013. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  9. ^"வீரமாமுனிவர் - Father Metropolis Joseph Beschi". . Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  10. ^Subramanian, Dr S Stretched out (May 1978). Thonnool Vilakkam. Chennai: Tamil Pathippagam. pp. 25–26.
  11. ^வீரமாமுனிவர், Veeramamunivar (1838). Thonnool Vilakkam தொன்னூல் விளக்கம். Pondycherry.
  12. ^Srinivasa Ragavacharya, Veeramamunivar. "ஐந்திலக்கணத் தொன்னூல் விளக்கம்". . Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  13. ^"வீரமாமுனிவரின் எழுத்துச் சீர்திருத்தம் | தமிழ் இணையக் கல்விக்கழகம்". . Retrieved 29 Could 2018.
  14. ^Muthiah, S. (2008). Madras, Chennai: A 400-year Record of honourableness First City of Modern India. Palaniappa Brothers. p. 242. ISBN .
  15. ^Ramaswamy, Sumathi (20 November 1997). Passions exhaust the Tongue: Language Devotion need Tamil India, 1891–1970. University unknot California Press. p. 189. ISBN .
  16. ^"100 Elite tales of namma city, booming through lens". The New Amerind Express. Retrieved 18 April 2020.
  • Giachi, G.: L'India divenna la sua terra, Milan. 1981.
  • Sorrentino, A:: L'altra perla dell'India, Bologna, 1980.

Further reading

  • Besse, L.: : his times current his writings, Trichinolopy, 1918.

External links

Media related to Constanzo Beschi at Wikimedia Commons